Elderly People from Old Age Homes have Higher Risk of Malnutrition and Depression as Compared to Family Setup
Authors
-
Department of Food and Nutrition, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana - 125 004 ,IN
Priti Kumari -
Department of Food and Nutrition, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana - 125 004 ,INSangeeta Chahal Sindhu
-
Department of Food and Nutrition, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana - 125 004 ,INSapna Dhami
-
DRPCAU, Pusa, KVK Vaishali, Bihar ,INVarsha Kumari
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21048/IJND.2022.59.1.28739Keywords:
Malnutrition, Physical Activity Ratio, Osteoporosis, Anemia, Depression, Mini Nutritional Assessment.Abstract
With increase in average age of population and increasing trend of nuclear families, old age homes are fast becoming a norm in India. The COVID-19 pandemic has made nutritionists revisit the health status of our elderly living in different family set ups. The present study was carried out with the objective to compare the health and risk of malnutrition among elderly (? 60 yrs in age) living in three different residential set ups i.e. old age homes, urban family or rural family. The study was carried out in Hisar district of Haryana state in Northern India. In this cross-sectional study, sixty subjects each (N=180) from the three residential set ups were selected randomly and assessed for depression, level of independence in daily activities and risk for malnutrition. Standard scales viz. Geriatric Depression Scale, Barthel Index and Mini Nutritional Assessment Scale were used. The PAR (Physical Activity Ratio) values for activities performed in a day were aggregated over the period i.e. 24 hours to yield physical activity level. It was observed that respondents from rural family set up were more active as compared to their counterparts in urban family set up or old age homes. Osteoporosis (94.44%), joint pain (87.78%), loss of appetite (85.56%) and anemia (80.56%) were the most commonly reported problems. Per cent prevalence of most problems was higher in old age home respondents. The level of independence for most activities was lowest in old age home respondents as compared to other two residential set ups. Depression was evident in 36.67 per cent of total respondents with higher per cent prevalence in residents of old age home. It may be concluded that elderly people from old age homes have higher risk of malnutrition and depression as compared to urban or rural family setup. Interventions are highly recommended for mental and nutritional well-being of elderly specially those living in old age homes. Considering the increasing trend of old age homes, deeper studies are required on their living conditions. There should be stringent SOP’s for all old age homes and elderly care.
Downloads
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
All the articles published in IJND are distributed under a creative commons license. The journal allows the author(s) to hold the copyright of their work (all usages allowed except for commercial purpose).
Please contact us at editor@informaticsglobal.com for permissions related to commercial use of the article(s).
Accepted 2022-01-03
Published 2022-02-25
References
Mayhew, L. and Smith, D. On the decomposition of life expectancy and limits to life. Popul Stud (Camb)., 2015, 69, 73-89. doi:10.1080/00324728.2014.972433 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00324728.2014.972433
Partridge, L., Deelen, J. and Slagboom, P.E. Facing up to the global challenges of ageing. Nature, 2018, 561, 45-56. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0457-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0457-8
World Bank. Population ages 65 and above (% of total population), 2020. Available: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.65UP.TO.ZS
Russell, M.K. Functional assessment of nutrition status. Nutr. Clin. Pract., 2015, 30, 211-218. doi:10.1177/0884533615570094 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0884533615570094
Pati, S., Sharma, A., Pati, S. and Zodpey, S. Teaching of geriatric health in India: Mapping the terrain. Gerontol. Geriatr. Educ., 2017, 38, 92-103. doi:10.1080/02701960.2016.1232590 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02701960.2016.1232590
Shwe, P.S., Ward, S.A., Thein, P.M. and Junckerstorff, R. Frailty, oral health and nutrition in geriatrics inpatients: A cross-sectional study. Gerodontol., 2019, 36, 223-228. doi:10.1111/ger.12397 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ger.12397
Faronbi, J.O., Faronbi, G.O., Ayamolowo, S.J. and Olaogun, A.A. Caring for the seniors with chronic illness: The lived experience of caregivers of older adults. Arc. Gerontol. Geriat., 2019, 82, 8-14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2019.01.013
Patole, J. The impact of globalization on the new middle-class family in India. IOSR J. Humanit. Soc. Sci., 2018, 23, 6-14.
Thapa, D.K., Visentin, D., Kornhaber, R. and Cleary, M. Migration of adult children and mental health of older parents ‘left behind’: An integrative review. PloS one, 2018, 13, e0205665. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0205665
WHO. World report on ageing and health. 2015, https://www.who.int/ageing/events/world-report-2015-launch/en/
International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS) and ICF. “National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4), 2015-16: India.” 2017, http://rchiips.org/nfhs/NFHS-4Reports/India.pdf
Wang, Z., Xing, Y., Yan, W., Sun, X., Zhang, X., Huang, S. and Li, L. Effects of individual, family and community factors on the willingness of institutional elder care: a cross-sectional survey of the elderly in China. BMJ. open, 2020, 10, 1-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032478
Yeung, W.J.J., Desai, S. and Jones, G.W. Families in southeast and South Asia. Ann. Rev. Sociol., 2018, 44, 469-495. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-073117-041124
Azzolino, D., Saporiti, E. and Proietti, M. Nutritional considerations in frail older patients with COVID-19. J. Nutr. Health Aging., 2020, 24, 696-698. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-020-1400-x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-020-1400-x
Sheikh, J.I. and Yesavage, J.A. Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS): Recent evidence and development of a shorter version. Clin. Gerontol. J. Aging. Mental Health, 1986, 5, 165-173. https://doi.org/10.1300/J018v05n01_09 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1300/J018v05n01_09
Mahoney, F.I. and Barthel, D.W. Functional evaluation: The Barthel Index: A simple index of independence useful in scoring improvement in the rehabilitation of the chronically ill. Maryland State Med. J., 1965, 14, 61-65.
Vellas, B., Villars, H., Abellan, G., Soto, M.E., Rolland, Y., Guigoz, Y., Morley, J.E., Chumlea, W., Salva, A., Rubenstein, L.Z. and Garry, P. Overview of the MNA®-its history and challenges. J. Nutr. Healt. Aging, 2006, 10, 456.
Indian Council of Medical Research. Nutrient requirements and recommended dietary allowances for Indians. A report of the expert group of the Indian Council of Medical Research National Institute of Nutrition Hyderabad. Indian Council of Medical Research; Hyderabad, 2010.
Akbar, S., Tiwari, S.C., Tripathi, R.K., Kumar, A. and Pandey, N.M. Reasons for living of elderly in old age homes: An exploratory study. The Int. J. Ind. Psychol., 2014, 2, 56-61. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25215/0201.029
Datta, A. Old age homes in India: Sharing the burden of elderly care with the family. In: Irudaya Rajan S., Balagopal G. (eds) Elderly care in India. Springer, Singapore. 2017, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3439-8_5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3439-8_5
Sameenaand Khan, Z.R. Elderly in India: Facts and issues. EPRA Int. J. Res. Develop., 2019, 4, 60-64. https://www.eprajournals.com/jpanel/upload/1232pm_10.Sameena-3535-1.pdf
Freire, J.R.C., Fernandes, T.G., Borges, G.F., Guerra, R.O. and de Abreu, D.C.C. Factors associated with low levels of physical activity among elderly residents in a small urban area in the interior of the Brazilian Amazon. Arc. Gerontol. Geriat., 2017, 75, 37-43. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2017.11.007
Shiraly, R., Shayan, Z., Keshtkar, V. and Hamed, M. Self-reported factors associated with engagement in moderate to vigorous physical activity among elderly people: A population-based study. Int. J. Prevent. Med., 2017, 8, 26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpvm.IJPVM_340_16
Barua, K., Borah, M., Deka, C. and Kakati, R. Morbidity pattern and health-seeking behavior of elderly in urban slums: A cross-sectional study in Assam, India. J. Family Med. Prim. Care, 2017, 6, 345. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/2249-4863.220030
Kapil, U., Khandelwal, R., Ramakrishnan, L., Khenduja, P., Gupta, A., Pandey, R.M., Upadhyay, A.D. and Belwal, R.S. Prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, and associated risk factors among geriatric population living in a high-altitude region of rural Uttarakhand, India. J. Family Med. Prim. Care, 2018, 7, 1527-36. Doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_108_18 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_108_18
Paul, S.S. and Abraham, V. J. How healthy is our geriatric population? A community-based cross-sectional study. J. Family Med. Prim. care, 2015, 4, 221. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/2249-4863.154653
Holtfreter, K., Reisig, M.D. and Turanovic, J.J. Depression and infrequent participation in social activities among older adults: The moderating role of high-quality familial ties. Aging. Mental Health, 2017, 21, 379-388. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2015.1099036
Singh, K., Singh, S.P. and Kaur, G. Depressive symptoms in the ageing male population residing in old age homes and with their families in Punjab State. Ethno. Med., 2018, 12, 261-269. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31901/24566772.2018/12.4.565
Krishnamoorthy, Y., Rajaa, S. and Rehman, T. Diagnostic accuracy of various forms of geriatric depression scale for screening of depression among older adults: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Arc. Gerontol. Geriat., 2020, 87, 104002. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2019.104002
Naveen, K.H.S., Goel, A.D., Dwivedi, S. and Hassan, M.A. Adding life to years: Role of gender and social and family engagement in geriatric depression in rural areas of Northern India. J. Family Med. Prim. Care, 2020, 9, 721. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1019_19
Kham, S. and Langstieh, B.T. Depression and related factors among the elderly Chakhesang population. Ind. J. Gerontol., 2018, 32, 7-20.
Ghosh, J. and Agrawal, S. A survey of nutritional and health status of elderly farmers in North 24 Parganas, (WB). Ind. J. Gerontol., 2021, 35, 26-42.
Kharat, S.M., Sagare, S.M. and Pandve, H.T. A comparative study of nutritional status among elderly population residing in community dwellings and old age homes. Scholars J. Appl. Med. Sci., 2017, 5, 3780-3784.
