A Review to Determine Various Health Benefits, Nutritional Composition, Processing of Millets and their Significance in New Generation Agriculture
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21048/IJND.2024.61.3.44902Keywords:
Health benefits, processing, nutritional composition, millets, antioxidant activity, phenolics, flavanoidsAbstract
Millets can be the revolution for developing countries like India. There is a crucial need for millets in the agricultural sector. Other similar cereals present in the market have definitely hindered the use of millets. Millets were the main source of nutrition for the ancient man but with advancing time and introduction to wheat comeback through proper awareness of their nutritional as well as agricultural benefits. Millets have many health benefits. It is has proven to be beneficial in diabetes mellitus due to low glycemic index. For taking in all the benefits which millets can provide one should know their production and processing techniques which are as important as the correct way to consume them. Millets though a very beneficial cereal can be a bit complicated use for the common man because wrong food processing method can truly harm the nutrient content of the millet they are using. Millets do have some anti nutritional factors which can make it a little difficult to digest and can cause an upset stomach for which different processing techniques have been introduced. Each processing technique has different effect on the grains and the factor which influences the technique to be used to process the millet is based on the scale of production and area available. This review basically summaries the various health benefits, nutritional composition along with their processing.
Downloads
Metrics
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Himani Tanwar, Pooja Bhatt, Priya Mehta
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
All the articles published in IJND are distributed under a creative commons license. The journal allows the author(s) to hold the copyright of their work (all usages allowed except for commercial purpose).
Please contact us at editor@informaticsglobal.com for permissions related to commercial use of the article(s).
References
Lu, H., Yang, X., Ye, M., Liu, K. B., Xia, Z., Ren, X. and Liu, T. S. Millet noodles in late Neolithic China. Nature, 2005, 437, 967-968. https://doi.org/10.1038/437967a
Winch, T. Description and characteristics of the main food crops. Growing Food a Guide to Food Production. Springer., Dordrecht, 2006, 18-22.
Gull, A., Jan, R., Nayik, G. A., Prasad, K. and Kumar, P. Significance of finger millet in nutrition, health and value added products: A review. Magnesium (mg), 2014, 130, 120.
Mal, B., Padulosi, S. and Bala Ravi, S. Minor millets in South Asia: Learnings from IFAD-NUS Project in India and Nepal, 2010.
Singh, K. P., Mishra, A. and Mishra, H. N. Fuzzy analysis of sensory attributes of bread prepared from millet-based composite flours. LWT-Food Sci. Technol., 2012, 48, 276-282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2012.03.026
Sharma, B. and Gujral, H. S. Modulation in quality attributes of dough and starch digestibility of unleavened flat bread on replacing wheat flour with different minor millet flours. Int. J. Biolog. Macromolec., 2019, 141, 117-124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.252
Shahidi, F. and Chandrasekara, A. Millet grain phenolics and their role in disease risk reduction and health promotion: A review. J. Funct. Foods, 2013, 5, 570-581. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2013.02.004
Hassan, Z. M., Sebola, N. A. and Mabelebele, M. The nutritional use of millet grain for food and feed: A review. Agric. Food Sec., 2021, 10, 16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40066-020-00282-6
FAO. Sorghum and millets in human nutrition. Rome: FAO, 1995.
Ali, M. A., El Tinay, A. H. and Abdalla, A. H. Effect of fermentation on the in vitro protein digestibility of pearl millet. Food Chem., 2003, 80, 51-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(02)00234-0
Ragaee, S., Abdel-Aal, E. S. M. and Noaman, M. Antioxidant activity and nutrient composition of selected cereals for food use. Food Chem., 2006, 98, 32-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.04.039
Chauhan, M., Sonawane, S. K. and Arya, S. S. Nutritional and nutraceutical properties of millets: a review. Clini. J. Nutr. Diet., 2018, 1, 1-10.
Serna-Saldivar, S. O. and Espinosa-Ramírez, J. Grain Structure and Grain Chemical Composition. In Sorghum and millets. AACC International Press, 2019, 85-129. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-811527-5.00005-8
Chauhan, M., Sonawane, S. K. and Arya, S. S. Nutritional and nutraceutical properties of millets: A review. Clini. J. Nutr. Diet., 2018, 1, 1-10.
Vali Pasha, K., Ratnavathi, C.V., Ajani, J., Raju, D., Manoj Kumar, S. and Beedu, S.R. Proximate, mineral composition and antioxidant activity of traditional small millets cultivated and consumed in Rayalaseema region of south India. J. Sci. Food. Agric., 2018, 98, 652-660. DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8510
Kulthe, A. A., Thorat, S. S. and Lande, S. B. Characterization of pearl millet cultivars for proximate composition, minerals and anti-nutritional contents. Adv. Life Sci., 2016, 5, 4672-4675.
Chandra, D., Chandra, S. and Sharma, A. K. Review of finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn): A power house of health benefiting nutrients. Food Sci. Human Wellness, 2016, 5, 149-155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fshw.2016.05.004
Duodu, K. G. and Awika, J. M. Phytochemical-Related Health-Promoting Attributes of Sorghum and Millets. In Sorghum and millets. AACC International Press, 2019, 225-258. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-811527-5.00008-3
Chandrasekara, A. and Shahidi, F. Determination of antioxidant activity in free and hydrolyzed fractions of millet grains and characterization of their phenolic profiles by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn. J. Funct. Foods, 2011, 3, 144-158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2011.03.007
Chandrasekara, A. and Shahidi, F. Content of insoluble bound phenolics in millets and their contribution to antioxidant capacity. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2010, 58, 6706-6714. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf100868b
Sharma, R., Sharma, S., Dar, B. N. and Singh, B. Millets as potential nutri‐cereals: A review of nutrient composition, phytochemical profile and techno‐functionality. Int. J. Food Sci. Technol., 2021, 56, 3703-3718. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijfs.15044
Sharma, S., Saxena, D. C. and Riar, C. S. Analysing the effect of germination on phenolics, dietary fibres, minerals and γ-amino butyric acid contents of barnyard millet (Echinochloa frumentaceae). Food Biosci., 2016, 13, 60-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbio.2015.12.007
Ugare, R., Chimmad, B., Naik, R., Bharati, P. and Itagi, S. Glycemic index and significance of barnyard millet (Echinochloa frumentacae) in type II diabetics. J. Food Sci. Technol., 2014, 51, 392-395. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-011-0516-8
Dayakar Rao, B., Bhaskarachary, K., Arlene Christina, G. D., Sudha Devi, G., Vilas, A. T. and Tonapi, A. Nutritional and health benefits of millets. ICAR_Indian Institute of Millets Research (IIMR) Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 2017, 2.
Surekha, N. Fabrication of Barnyard Millet (Echinochlera Frumentacca Link) Health Mix: Clinical and Shelf Life Evaluation (Doctoral dissertation, University of Agricultural Sciences), 2004.
Carnauba, R. A., Sarti, F. M., Hassimotto, N. M. and Lajolo, F. M. Assessment of dietary intake of bioactive food compounds according to income level in the Brazilian population. Br. J. Nutr., 2022, 127, 1232-1239. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114521001987
Muthamilarasan, M., Dhaka, A., Yadav, R. and Prasad, M. Exploration of millet models for developing nutrient rich graminaceous crops. Plant Sci., 2016, 242, 89-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.08.023
Bangoura, M. L., Nsor‐Atindana, J., Zhu, K., Tolno, M. B., Zhou, H. and Wei, P. Potential hypoglycaemic effects of insoluble fibres isolated from foxtail millets [Setaria italica (L.) P. B eauvois]. Int. J. Food Sci. Technol., 2013, 48, 496-502. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2012.03210.x
Kim, J. S., Hyun, T. K. and Kim, M. J. The inhibitory effects of ethanol extracts from sorghum, foxtail millet and proso millet on α-glucosidase and α-amylase activities. Food Chem., 2011, 124, 1647-1651. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.08.020
Saleh, A. S., Zhang, Q., Chen, J. and Shen, Q. Millet grains: Nutritional quality, processing, and potential health benefits. Comp. Rev. Food Sci. Food Safety, 2013, 12, 281-295. https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.12012
Subba Rao, M. V. S. S. T. and Muralikrishna, G. Evaluation of the antioxidant properties of free and bound phenolic acids from native and malted finger millet (Ragi, Eleusine coracana Indaf-15). J. Agric. Food Chem., 2002, 50, 889-892. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf011210d
Kazi, T. and Auti, S. G. Calcium and iron rich recipes of finger millet. IOSR J. Biotechnol. Biochem., 2017, 3, 64-8.
Nambiar, V. S. and Patwardhan, T. Assessment of glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) for selected traditional millet-based Indian recipes. Int. J. Diabetes in Developing Countries, 2015, 35, 157-162. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13410-014-0275-y