Loss of Small Indigenous Fish Species in India:A Case of Concern

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Authors

  • F. B. Mandal
     Department of Zoology, Bankura Christian College, Bankura-7, West Bengal ,IN
  • N. C. Nandi
     Social Environmental and Biological Association, M/4, S. M. Nagar Govt. Quarter, Kolkata-700 143 ,IN

Keywords:

Small Fish Species, Threats, Conservation, Nutrition, Livelihood.

Abstract

Small Indigenous Fish Species (SIFS) of freshwater bodies are a rich source of protein, fatty acids, vitamins and minerals. Traditionally SIFS are linked to the livelihood, health and well-being of rural people. About 450 SIFS are known in India, of which about 216 SIFS are found in the north east. In the Western Ghats, the SIFS are 196 out of 287 freshwater species and in Central India, these are 120 out of 175. Sixty two SIFS are important for food security, while 42 are ornamental. Many SIFS can be introduced as a candidate species in freshwater aquaculture. The use of gears like maya jal, punti jal and vassal jal exerts high pressure on SIFS. Pollution, pesticide use in paddy fields, shrinkage of suitable habitats, over exploitation and other anthropogenic factors threaten many SIFS. The Indian Fisheries Act of 1897 prohibits destructive fishing practices like poisoning and dynamite fi shing. The State of Madhya Pradesh has extended the lease period to 10 years. Tamil Nadu reservoir licensing policy allows fishers a 1:2 (fisher: government) share of larger fishes and a 1:1 share of smaller fishes. Intensive carp cultures in wetland areas to increase fi sh production put pressure on indigenous varieties. Need based plannings for conservation and management strategies of SIFS are of utmost importance.

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2015-06-01

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Volume 12, Issue 1, June 2015

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