Loss of Small Indigenous Fish Species in India:A Case of Concern

Abstract

Small indigenous fish species (SIFS) of freshwater bodies is a rich source of protein, fatty acids, vitamins and minerals. Traditionally SIFS are linked to the livelihood, health and well-being of rural people. About 450 small indigenous freshwater fish species (SIFFS) are known in India, of which about 216 SIFFS are found in the north east. In the Western Ghats, the SIFFS are 196 out of 287 freshwater species and in Central India, these are 120 out of 175. Sixty two SIFFS are important for food security, while 42 are ornamental. Many SIF's species can be introduced as candidate species in freshwater aquaculture. The use of gears like mayajal, puntijal and vassal jal exerts high pressure on SIFS. Pollution, pesticide use in paddy fields, shrinkage of suitable habitats, over exploitation and other anthropogenic factors threaten many SIFFS. The Indian Fisheries Act, 1897 prohibits destructive fishing practices like poisoning and dynamite fishing. The State of Madhya Pradesh has extended the lease period to 10 years. The Tamil Nadu reservoir licensing policy allows fishers a 1:2 (fisher:government) share of larger fishes and a 1:1 share of smaller fishes. Intensive carp cultures in wetland areas to increase fish production put pressure on indigenous varieties. Need based planning for conservation and management strategies of SIFS are of utmost importance.