Assessment and Analysis of Avenue Trees in Urban Kolkata : A Case Study
Keywords:
Avenue Trees, Urban Areas, Footpath, Correlations.Abstract
Avenue trees are planted in urban areas for various purposes including tree shade, climate stabilization, heat absorption, beautification, etc., and especially for greenery sources. This research was aimed to assess and analyze the status of avenue trees irrespective of plant species present at footpaths of Prince Anwar Shah Road, Kolkata. Various physical characteristics of trees as well as footpath along the main road, their distribution and correlations are discussed in the present communication.Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
All the articles published in JES are distributed under a creative commons license. The journal allows the author(s) to hold the copyright of their work (all usages allowed except for commercial purpose).
Please contact us at editorgjeis@gmail.com for permissions related to commercial use of the article(s).
References
Bolund, P. and Hunhammar, S. 1999. Ecosystem Services in urban areas. Ecological Economics, 29: 293-301.
Borst, H. C., Miedema, H. M. E., de Vries, S. I., Graham, J. M. A., and Van Dongen, J. E. F., 2008. Relationships between street characteristics and perceived attractiveness for walking reported by elderly people. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 28: 353-361.
Chaudhry, P., Bagra, K. and Singh, B. 2011. Urban greenery status of some Indian cities: A short communication. International Journal of Environmental Science and Development, 2(2): p. 1-4.
Coder, K. D. 2000. Soil compaction and trees: Causes, symptoms and effects. University of Georgia, Warnell School of Forest Resources Extension Publication. www.Forestry. Uga.edu/efr.
Fontana, S., Sattler, T., Bontadina, F. and Moretti, M. 2011. How to manage the urban green to improve bird diversity and community structure. Landscape and Urban Planning doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.
Gilman, E. F., Grabosky, J., Jones, S. and Harchick, C. 2008. Effects of pruning dose and type on trunk movement in tropical wind storms. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry, 34: 13-19.
Gilman, E. F. and Bisson, A. 2007. Developing a preventive pruning programme in your community: Mature trees. Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida.
Heimlich, J. T., Sydnor, D., Bumgardner, M. and P. O’Brien 2008. Attitudes of residents toward street trees on four streets in Toledo, Ohio, U.S. before removal of ash trees (Fraxinus spp.) from Emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis). Arboriculture & Urban Forestry, 34(1): 47-53.
Indian Roads Congress 2009. Guidelines on landscaping and tree plantation. IRC: SP: 2-2009.
Jim, C. Y. and. Liu, H. H. T. 1997. Storm damage on urban trees in Guangzhou, China. Landscape and Urban Planning, 38: 45-59.
Jim, C. Y. 1998. Impacts of intensive urbanization on trees in Hong Kong. Environmental Conservation, 25 (2): 146-159.
Kadir, M. A. A. and Othman, N. 2012. Towards a better tomorrow: Street trees and their values in urban areas. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 35: 267-274.
Kalmbach, K. L., and Kielbaso, J. J. 1979. Resident attitudes towards selected characteristics of street tree plantings, Journal of Arboriculture, 5(6): 124-129.
Kuo, F. E. 2003. The role of arboriculture in a healthy social ecology. Journal of Arboriculture, 29(3): 148-155.
Lovasi, G. S., Quinn, J. W., Neckerman, K. M., Perzanowski, M. S. and Rundle, A. 2008. Children living in areas with more street trees have lower prevalence of asthma. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 62: 647-649.
Mc Pherson, E. G. and Muchnick, J. 2005. Effects of tree shade on asphalt concrete pavement performance. Journal of Arboriculture, 31(6): 303-310.
Miller, K. 2007. ANJEC in the city: The benefits of street trees. Association of New Jersey Environmental Commissions (ANJEC) available at http://www.anjec.org/pdfs/city-treebenefits.pdf
Mukherjee, A. 2015. Importance of urban forestry with special reference to Kolkata. IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 20(8): 89-94.
O’Brien, L., Stewart A. and Williams, K. 2010. Urban health and health inequalities and the role of urban forestry in Britain: A review. Forest Research.
Robert, B., Mark, M. and Miller K. 2007. Trees invest in a better tomorrow. NC State University.
Salbitano, F., Borelli, S., Conigliaro, M. and Chen, Y. 2016. Guide lines on urban and peri-urban forestry. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Urban Green Nation: Building the Urban Base. www.cabe.org.uk/files/urbangreen-nation.pdf
Williams, K. 2002. Exploring resident preferences for street trees in Melbourne, Australia. Journal of Arboriculture, 28(4): 161-170.