Journal of Mines, Metals and Fuels

Legal Framework and Regulatory Compliance in Metal Mining - An Analysis of Environmental and Operational Standards

Sony Kulshrestha — 2024-10-30

As the global mining industry evolves, enhancing environmental and operational standards is crucial for sustainable development. This article explores future directions for improving these standards, focusing on technological advancements, environmental management practices, climate change resilience, and social engagement. It highlights how integrating innovations like artificial intelligence and IoT can refine environmental monitoring and operational efficiency. The adoption of circular economy principles and climate action plans is essential for minimizing environmental impacts and adapting to climate challenges. Strengthening community engagement through transparent and inclusive decision-making processes is critical for aligning mining practices with local needs and rights. The article also addresses recommendations for bridging gaps in existing regulations. Key suggestions include strengthening enforcement mechanisms, updating and harmonizing regulations to keep pace with technological and industry developments, and enhancing transparency through standardized reporting frameworks. Promoting stakeholder engagement and addressing emerging risks, such as climate change impacts, are vital for developing relevant and effective regulations. Encouraging innovation and best practices will drive continuous improvement and ensure that mining operations are conducted responsibly and sustainably. By focusing on these areas, the mining industry can advance towards practices that support sustainable development and address both environmental and social challenges. This comprehensive approach ensures that future mining operations are not only economically viable but also environmentally sound and socially responsible.

Application of LED Bulb with Perforated Plus Shape Fin Array in Mines

Nitin Namdeo Pawar — 2024-10-30

This paper works on design and developments of cooling system of LED. This work particularly studies on the passive cooling system of a 50W street-light lamp made by multiple LEDs. For analysis purposes, different parameters are considered such as: Density, kinematic viscosity, velocity, junction temperature, heat transfer rate, laminar flow and heat transfer modes. The findings suggest that using plus shape fins with a 1 mm diameter drill can enhance convection heat transfer, resulting in a 21.8% increase in surface area. Additionally, the "Plus" shape of the fins facilitates the formation of an air swirl, contributing to a 30.41% decrease in heat sink temperature. Furthermore, material porosity enhances cooling rates by generating swirls and promoting upward airflow. Ultimately, Plus shape fins emerge as an optimal solution for passive cooling systems, mimicking the efficiency of active cooling systems. The cooling model, proposed along with different shapes and weights of materials having specially designed fins porous materials, is unique so far in our knowledge.

Numerical and Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Overlapping Angle on Strength and Deformation of Curved Plate Joined Using Arc Welding Process

Rahul Shivaji Yadav — 2024-10-30

This research presents a comprehensive numerical and experimental investigation into the influence of overlapping angles from 30° to 100° with a 5° increment on the mechanical strength and deformation behaviour of curved plates joined using the arc welding process. This study employs Finite Element Analysis (FEA) to simulate the welding process and assess the stress distribution and deformation across the welded joint. The simulations complemented by experimental trials; wherein curved plates joined at varying overlapping angles using arc welding. Mechanical tests, including tensile and bending tests, conducted to evaluate the joint strength and deformation characteristics. The results reveal a significant impact of the overlapping angle on the welded joint's performance. Specifically, an optimal overlapping angle identified, which maximizes joint strength while minimizing deformation. The findings contribute to a better understanding of the welding process for curved plates and offer practical guidelines for optimizing welded joint design in engineering applications.

An Extensive Study of Nanomaterial and Nanotechnology in the Various Fields of Engineering

Aarti Jathar — 2024-10-30

The paper provides the overview benefits of applying nanotechnology in various fields, giving an update on the state of nanotechnology breakthroughs in electronics and communication engineering. This paper offers an overview of some of the most current developments in nanotechnology, encompassing a range of gadgets such as tiny transistors, paper batteries, robotics, networks, and wireless technologies. For this reason, it is anticipated that nanotechnology will make it possible to produce increasingly efficient, powerful, yet smaller and less expensive gadgets.

A Python-Based GUI Approach for Efficient Component Design of Compound Die for Composite Material: 3D and 2D CAD Modeling

Vijaysing Rathod — 2024-10-30

This article presents a Python-based parametric Computer-Aided Design (CAD) system coupled with the AutoCAD API for the automation of compound die design. The system seeks to minimize the duration allocated to repeated operations, therefore promoting innovation. The graphical user interface facilitates the straightforward entry of design parameters and the automated production of precise manufacturing drawings. Advanced approaches, including Finite Element Analysis (FEA), topology optimization, and machine learning, are utilized to improve product design, reduce material consumption, and forecast component lifespan under operational stressors. The technology markedly decreases design time relative to conventional methods, rendering it optimal for sectors emphasizing bulk customization and batch production. Moreover, it enhances Time-To-Market (TTM) by providing an efficient process from design to manufacturing, while reducing errors and material waste. This tool has the potential for extensive utilization in mechanical design, especially within small and mediumsized enterprises.

Thermal Performance Analysis of Electronic Components on Different Substrate Materials

Anant Sidhappa Kurhade — 2024-10-30

This study numerically analyzed different substrate board materials, including FR4, silicon, and copper, for electronic component cooling. Ten diverse components were mounted on these boards and subjected to uneven heat distribution. Both natural and forced air cooling were tested at various speeds. Copper cladding significantly lowered component temperatures by 34-54 degrees Celsius compared to FR4 or silicon at 7 m/s. Moreover, copper allowed for lower fan speeds (5 m/s) while keeping component temperatures below 100 degrees Celsius, reducing energy consumption. These results offer valuable guidance for thermal engineers in selecting optimal substrate boards for efficient electronic cooling.

Bio-inspired Design and Performance Evaluation of Lawnmower Cutter Blade

S. H. Deshmukh — 2024-10-30

This study presents a bio-inspired design approach for the engineering applications of agricultural implements, with practical implications for the field. The CAD modeling of bio-inspired serrated lawnmower cutter blades was followed by structural and fatigue analysis with a comparative evaluation of the performance of conventional plain cutter blades. This method involved the bionic transformation of a biological model of the serrated leg of the grasshopper, traced using MATLAB edge detection and image processing software. The solid modeling CAD software for the Bionic Blade lawnmower cutter blade converts this biological model into an engineering model. After designing the geometric shape of the bionic tooth profile's serrated cutting edge, the boundary conditions are evaluated for numerical simulation based on the machine specifications of the conventional lawnmower cutter. After analyzing the power of the motor, the rotational speed, and the torque, the static structural and fatigue analysis was carried out in numerical simulation software to synthesize the performance of the bionic lawnmower cutter blade for engineering analysis of deformation, shear stress, and fatigue life. The bionic design of the blade and conventional plain blades were manufactured using an Amada CO2 laser cutting machine and sheet metal bending processes for Stainless Steel (SS 304) material. The experimental validation of software simulation was carried out by field trials using the Bionic design of a lawnmower cutter blade to evaluate the performance improvement in cutting time and yield of grass cut in kg for 60 to 100 meters distance cutting. After comparing the performance of the plain blade and the design of the bionic blade, there was a reduction in abrasive wear, a 12.87% improvement in the cutting time, and a 14.8% increase in the yield of grass compared to the conventional blade. This performance improvement was attributed to the unique bionic design of serrated cutting-edge and ground clearance. The bio-inspired design approach has immense practical applications in designing agricultural implements, as confirmed by this performance evaluation of this case study of bio-inspired lawnmower cutter blades.

An Extensive Study of Nano Fluids and their Applications in Real Life

Beena Nawghare — 2024-10-30

As a material with numerous applications, such as heat transmission and detergency, nanofluids are significant. Colloids are nanofluids that have long been used in the biomedical industry; going forward, this use will only grow. Nanofluids have also been demonstrated to be effective as smart fluids. The problems of settling, erosion potential, and aggregation of nanoparticles in the applications need to be carefully studied. For experimental study, nanofluids must have detailed descriptions of their shape, size distribution, particle size, and clustering in order to optimize the results generalizability.

A Review on Alternative Fuels Use in Internal Combustion Engines

Ravindra Deshpande — 2024-10-30

The worldwide issues include rising fuel prices, air pollution, and global warming. As mineral fuels deplete, alternative fuels become increasingly significant in internal combustion engines. This article discusses liter-ature analysis to demonstrate the different types of renewable energy used worldwide. Alternative fuels can replace fossil fuels if their availability is limited by worldwide geopolitical issues. Its main objective is to review and identify the various types of alternative fuels which can be used for internal combustion en-gines to reduce emissions of CO₂ into the atmosphere. Alcohols, LPG, biodiesel, natural gas, DME, fuel cells, hydrogen, and electricity are some alternative energy sources. Alternative fuels for both CI and SI engines are becoming more popular due to socioeconomic and environmental reasons. It involves transition-ing society from its dependence on petroleum and increasing concerns about sustainability. Natural gas, alcohol, hydrogen, fuel cells, and electricity are some alternative fuels that are getting much attention. These alternative fuels can minimize harmful emissions as well as operating costs.

A Review on Performance and Emissions Measurements of Ethanol Blends for Gasoline Engines

Ravindra S. Deshpande — 2024-10-30

Vehicles have been running on alcohol since the 19^th century. Ethanol is considered the most environmentally friendly, biological, and sustainable fuel in SI engines among all alcoholic beverages. This paper addresses Gasoline-Ethanol (GE) blends' performance as a biofuel in a typical SI engine. This article covers and evaluates the physical characteristics of Ethanol (E), its production process, as well as the performance effects of different ethanol-based gasoline blends. The article focuses on the engine BT, BSFC, volumetric efficiency, and thermal efficiency related to exhaust emissions, including CO₂, CO, NO_x, and HC, which are currently major issues. The benefits and drawbacks of utilizing Ethanol (E) fuel for SI engines were also studied. The overall BTHE, HRR, volumetric efficiency, and cylinder gas pressure of a blend with a higher percentage of ethanol fuel improved. The amount of Ethanol (E) in the mixture has an impact on the Compression Ratio (CR) required for ignition.

Investor, Developer, Miner, Local People, Settler, Public, and Government: Everybody profits from Minerals, Oil, and Gas; only the Indigenous people suffer and feel the loss. The Profiteering Community Must Change - Part 1

Jayanta Bhattacharya — 2024-10-30

There is one community in the so-called civilized population, anywhere in the world, who are treated disproportionately in terms of their property, rights, language, culture and habitat. One aspect of the indigenous communities is often not brought out in the discussions. That is, they are the most sustainable communities on earth. More than 20 million people in the world are displaced annually due to various crises and the majority of them are indigenous communities. Their rights are not respected, their voices are not heard and their cultures are often discounted. These treatments are widespread. In discussions about the treatment they face, human rights and justice are closely related, as human rights are the foundation of a just society, and justice is a fundamental building block of sustainable peace. Human rights are the same for everyone, regardless of background, location, or beliefs. They include the right to life, freedom of speech, freedom of religion, and the right to a fair trial. This article brings out at the end a summary of the struggle the Sami tribes are facing in Sweden and Noway. In the next part of this article, we will see that such treatments ,even worse, are prevalent all over the world..