A Tangy Twist Review on Hog-Plum: Spondias pinnata (L.f.) Kurz

Jump To References Section

Authors

  • Sumanta Mondal
     Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam – 530045, Andhra Pradesh ,IN
  • Kausik Bhar
     Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bengal School of Technology, Sugandha, Delhi Road, Hooghly – 712102, West Bengal ,IN
  • Naresh Panigrahi
     Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam – 530045, Andhra Pradesh ,IN
  • Prasenjit Mondal
     Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaageswari Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ramakrishna Colony, Karimnagar – 505481, Telangana ,IN
  • Sridhar Nayak
     Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam – 530045, Andhra Pradesh ,IN
  • Rudra Pratap Barik
     Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam – 530045, Andhra Pradesh ,IN
  • Koyyana Aravind
     Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam – 530045, Andhra Pradesh ,IN

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18311/jnr/2021/25405

Keywords:

Hog Plum, Pharmacological Activities, Phytoconstituents, Spondias pinnata, Traditional Use
Phytochemistry

Abstract

Spondias pinnata (L.f.) Kurz., belongs to the Anacardiaceae family, generally referred to as Indian Hog plum, a deciduous, glabrous tree with a healthy fruit to eat. Hog plum is a mild deciduous tree plant of high nutritional value, stubby calories and abundant in vegetable proteins, zinc, chitin, starch, vitamins and minerals. Traditional use of various parts of S. pinnata includes diarrhea, dysentery, stomach troubles, hyperacidity, wounds, sprain, rheumatism, gonorrhoea, tuberculosis, aphrodisiac, arrow poison antidote, dyspepsia, dysentery, ring worms, abscess painful joints, refrigerant, tonic, antiseptic, astringent, mental disorders, tuberculosis, vomiting and many more. A number of pharmacological activities were reported from several extracts of S. pinnata and its parts that include hypoglycemic, anti-cancer, ulcer-protective, antidiarrhoeal, anti-microbial, hepatoprotective, thrombolytic, anti-inflammatory, antiarthritic, analgesic, antipyretic, antihypertensive, anthelmintic, diuretic and laxative, anti-tuberculosis, cytotoxic, antioxidant, anti-hyperlipidemic, ischemia reperfusion injury and preconditioning of heart, anxiolytic, reduce side effects of chemotherapy, ameliorating, platelet aggregation inhibitory activity and acute and sub-chronic toxicity. A few phytochemicals were detailed on this plant. The chemical components of S. pinnata include different amino acids, carbohydrates, terpenoids, flavonoids, polysaccharides, steroids and so on. Various solvent extract and their gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis have confirmed the structures of a number of important phytoconstituents. Hence this review can be a good reference for researchers who would undertake further investigation about S. pinnata.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Downloads

Published

2021-02-26

How to Cite

Mondal, S., Bhar, K., Panigrahi, N., Mondal, P., Nayak, S., Barik, R. P., & Aravind, K. (2021). A Tangy Twist Review on Hog-Plum: <i>Spondias pinnata</i> (L.f.) Kurz. Journal of Natural Remedies, 21(1), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.18311/jnr/2021/25405

Issue

Volume 21, Issue 1, January 2021

Section

Review Articles
Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC
Received 2020-05-30
Accepted 2020-12-10
Published 2021-02-26

 

References

Mahesh B, Satish S. Antimicrobial activity of some important medicinal plant against plant and human pathogens. World J Agr Sci. 2008; 4(S):839–43.

Suresh K, Surender P, Yogesh KW, Aditya K, Parul S. Therapeutic potential of medicinal plants: A review. J Biol Chem Chron. 2015; 1(1):46–54.

Sumanta M, Debjit G, Ramakrishna K. A complete profile on blind your eye mangrove Excoecaria agall ocha L. (Euphorbiaceae): ethnobotany, phytochem istry, and pharmacological aspects. Phcog Rev. 2016; 10(20):123–38. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-7847.19 4049. PMid:28082796 PMCid:PMC5214557

Pargiter FE. The Markandeya Purana. Kolkata: The Baptist Mission Press and Asiatic Society; 1904.

Bhuiyan MHR. Pickle and chutney development from fresh Hog Plum (Spondias dulcis). J Environ Sci Nat Resour. 2012; 5(2):67–72. https://doi. org/10.3329/jesnr.v5i2.14604

Leonardo DSS, Paulo RRS, Márcia PPN, Solange MDF, Almerinda ARA. Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) and their parasitoids associated with different hog plum genotypes in Teresina, Piaui. Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura. 2017; 39(4):1–11. https:// doi.org/10.1590/0100-29452017725

Fred-Jaiyesimi A, Kio A, Richard W. α-Amylase inhibitory effect of 3β-olean-12-en-3-yl (9Z)-hexadec- 9-enoate isolated from Spondias mombin leaf. Food Chem. 2009; 116(1):285–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. foodchem.2009.02.047

John DM, Douglas CD. A revision of Spondias L. (Anacardiaceae) in the neotropics. PhytoKeys. 2015; 55(1):1–99.

Salma S, Al-Sayed E, Rola ML, Abdel NS. Genus Spondias: A phytochemical and pharmacological review. Evid base Compl Alternative Med. 2018; 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/5382904. PMid:297851 94 PMCid:PMC5896409

Florido HB, Cortiguerra FF. Indian Hog plum. In: lesser known edible tree species. Research Information Series on Ecosystems. 2003; 15(3):1–8.

Chadah KL, Patel VB. Prospect of indigenous perennial plants as source of vegetable. Acta Horticulturae. 2007; 752(4):49–54. https://doi. org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2007.752.4

Lancaster SP. The sacred plants of the Hindus. Bulletin of National Botanic Garden. 1965; 113:1–56.

Darshana N. Blossom biology of hog-plum (Spondais pinnata Kurz). Journal of Applied Horticulture. 2001; 2(1):34–6. https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2000.v02i01.10

Badoni A, Bisht C. Importance and problems in natural regeneration of Spondias pinnata. Report and Opinion. 2009; 1(5):12,13.

Nilutpal SB, Bibhuti BK, Barnali G, Ashis KG. Ethno- Medicinal Claims, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Spondias pinnata: A Review. Int J Pharmaceut Sci Res. 2014; 5(4):1138–145.

Cronquist A. An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants. New York: Columbia University Press; 1981.

Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Vol: II (I). Department of Ayush: Government of India Ministry of Health and Family Welfare; 1999.

Kiritikar KR, Basu BD. Indian medicinal plants. India: Lalit Mohan Basu; 1993.

Mahanta RK, Rout SD, Sahu HK. Ethnomedicinal plant resources of Similipal biosphere reserve, Orissa, India. Zoos Print Journal. 2006; 21:2372–74. https:// doi.org/10.11609/JoTT.ZPJ.1435.2372-4

Pell SK, Mitchell JD, Miller AJ, Lobova TA. Anac ardiaceae. Flowering Plants. Eudicots: Sapindales, Cucurbitales, Myrtaceae. The family and Genera of Vascular plants. New York: Springer Heidelberg Dord recht; 2011.

Anonymous. The useful plants of India. CSIR. New Delhi: National institute of Science communication; 2000.

Barfod A. Anacardiaceae. Flora of Ecuador 30: Harling G, Andersson L. Sweden: Arlöv; 1987.

Samanta JN, Mandal K. First report of hogplum (Spondias pinnata) leaf spot disease. Australas Plant Dis Notes. 2012; 7:33–4. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s13314-011-0040-8

Almeida CCD, Carvalho PCDL, Guerra M. Karyotype differentiation among Spondias species and the putative hybrid Umbucaja (Anacardiaceae). Bot J Linn Soc. 2007; 155(4):541–7. https://doi.org/ 10.1111/j.1095-8339.2007.00721.x

Anita T, Anubha S. Effect of seed orientation on germination of wild mango Spondias pinnata. The Allahabad Farmer. 2017; 73(1):55–7.

Anonymous. The wealth of India. Vol. X. New Delhi: CSIR Publishers; 1976.

Muhammad A, Zaman K, Sheeba F. Pharmacognostical studies and evaluation of total phenolic contents of trunk bark of Spondias mangifera Willd. Natural Product Radiance. 2009; 8(2):146–50.

Renupha P, Srunya V, Prasart K. Wood anatomy and properties of three species in the genus Spondias lakonensis (Anacardiaceae) found in Thailand. Agri culture and Natural Resources. 2016; 50(1):14–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anres.2015.09.001

Pal DC, Jain SK. Tribal medicine. New Delhi. India: Naya Prakash; 2000.

Anisuzzaman M., Rahman AH, Rashid M, Naderuzzaman ATM, Islam AKM. An ethnobotanical study of Madhupur, Tangail. J Appl Sci Res. 2007; 3(7):519–30.

Annapoornima S, Pushpendra K, Alok K, Ravindra S, Manoj T. Pharmacognostical studies on leaves of S. pinnata Linn. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 2016; 5(6):93–7.

Vijetha PK, Karunakar H, Shabaraya AR. Pharmacological review on Spondias pinnata: The Indian hog plum. Int J Pharma Chem Res. 2018; 4I(2):141–5.

Tandon S, Rastogi RP, Mehrotra BN. Compendium of Indian medicinal plants. Vol. II. Lucknow. UP. India: Central drug research institute; 1993.

Suman A, Gouri KD, Santosh KD. Pharmacognostic studies on the root of Spondias mangifera Willd. Journal of Natural Remedies. 2011; 11(2):150–7.

Shabana K, Siddiqui HH, Talib H, Hina F. Botanical and phytochemical evaluation of fruits of Spondias pinnata. Der Pharmacia Lettre. 2015; 7(5):276–80.

Campbell CW, Sauls JW. Spondias in Florida. Fact Sheet HS-63, a series of the Horticultural Sciences Department. University of Florida: Florida Coope rative Extension Service. Institute of Food and Agri cultural Sciences; 1994.

Gardner S, Sidisunthorn P, Anusarnsunthorn V. A field guide to Forest Trees of Northern Thailand. Thailand: Kobfai Publishing Project; 2000.

Longman O. Indian medicinal plant (Vol 1). Thailand: South Asia Publications Limited; 2005.

Tianlu M, Barfod A. Anacardiaceae. In Flora of China; Flora of China Editorial Committee; (Vol 1) Science Press: Beijing, China, St. Louis, MO, USA: Missouri Botanical Garden Press; 2008.

Sivaprasad M, Policegoudra RS, Aradhya SM. Biochemical changes associated with hardening of endocarp in Spondias mangifera Willd., fruits during developmental stages. Scientia Horticulturae. 2010; 126(2):192–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta. 2010.07.008

Akther S, Shahriar SMS, Akter F, Morshed S, Islam MN. Study on chemical composition of fresh mymensingh and barishal hog-plum (Spondias mangifera) and developed leather and jelly and sensory evaluation. Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources. 2012; 5(2):29–36. https://doi. org/10.3329/jesnr.v5i2.14598

Shankaran M, Jai Prakash, Singh NP, Suklabaidya A. Wild edible fruits of Tripura. Natural Product Radi ance. 2006; 5(4):302–05.

Andola HC, Purohit VK. Evaluation of nutritive and mineral value in ripe fruits of Spondias pinnata from two location of Western Himalaya, India. Medicinal Plants. 2010; 2(3):233–6. https://doi.org/10. 5958/j.0975-4261.2.3.037

Hafizur RBM, Nushrat Y, Ahmadul IM, Easdani M. Development of sauce from locally available hog plum in Bangladesh. Fundamental and Applied Agriculture. 2017; 2(2):267–70.

Preeti J, Khondker RH, Tamanna RM, Hasan MR. Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Spondias pinnata Kurz., leaves. European Journal of Medicinal Plants. 2014; 4(2):183–95. https://doi.org/10.9734/ EJMP/2014/7048

Dey K, Ghosh A, Dey AN, Bhowmick N, Bauri FK. Evaluation of nutritive and mineral value in ripe fruits of Indian hog plum (Spondias pinnata Linn.) from four different location of northern parts of West Bengal. Vegetos. 2016; 29(4):11–16. https:// doi.org/10.5958/2229-4473.2016.00094.X

Muhammad Arif, Md. Azizur R, Mohammed Imran, Mohammed Khalid, Mohammed Khushtar. An insight of Spondias mangifera Willd: An underutilized medicinal plant with immense nutraceutical and therapeutics potentials. Int J Res Pharm Sci. 2015; 6(2):100–9.

Sushma K, Shyamananda A, Guruaribam SD. Nutritional profiling of two underutilized wild edible fruits Elaeagnus pyriformis and Spondias pinnata. Annals of Agricultural Sciences. New Series. 2014; 35(2):129–35.

Changkija S. Folk medicinal plants of the Nagas in India. Asian Folklore Studies. 1999; 58(1):205–30. https://doi.org/10.2307/1178894

Borthakur SK. Native phytotherapy for child and women disease from Assam. Fitoterapia. 1992; 63:483–8.

Bhabajit D, Gajurel PR, Rethy P, Buragohain R. Uses of trees as medicine by the ethnic communities of Arunachal Pradesh, India. Res J Med Plant. 2014; 8(24):857–63. https://doi.org/10.5897/JMPR10.768

Grosvenor PW, Supriono A, Gray D. Medicinal plants from Riau Province, Sumatra, Indonesia. Part 1: Uses. J Ethnopharmacol. 1995; 45(2):75–95. https:// doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(94)01209-I

Meléndez PA, Capriles VA. Antibacterial properties of tropical plants from Puerto Rico. Phytomedicine. 2006; 13(4):272–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed. 2004.11.009 PMid:16492531

Chopra RN, Nayar SL, Chopra IC. Glossary of Indian medicinal plants. New Delhi: Council of Scientific and Industrial Research; 1956.

Panda BK, Patro VJ, Mishra US, Panigrahi BK. Comparative study of anthelmintic activity between acetone and ethanolic stem bark extracts of Spondias pinnta (Linn.F) Kurz. International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy. 2011; 2(4): 1383–5.

Muhammad A, Rahman MS, Kabir ANMH, Hussain MK. Antibacterial and cytotoxic activities of Spondias pinnta (Linn. f.) Kurz fruit extract. Indian Journal of Natural Products and Resources. 2011; 2(2):265–7.

Arif M, Fareed S. Pharmacognostic investigation and authentication of potentially utilized fruit Spondias mangifera (willd). Int J Curr Pharmaceut Clin Res. 2010; 2(1):31–5. https://doi.org/10.4314/ ijhr.v1i4.55367

Sonowal R. Indigenous knowledge on the utilization of medicinal plants by the Sonowal Kachari tribe of Dibrugarh district in Assam, North-East India. Int Res J Biol Sci. 2013; 2(4):44–50.

Arif M, Zaman K, Fareed S, Badruddeen, Hussain MS. Antibacterial, antidiarrhoeal and ulcer-protective activity of methanolic extract of Spondias mangifera bark. International Journal of Health Research. 2008; 1(4):177–82. https://doi.org/10.4314/ijhr.v1i4.55367

Wetwitayaklung P, Charoenteeraboon J, Limmatvap irat C, Phaechamud T. Antioxidant Activities of Some Thai and Exotic Fruits Cultivated in Thailand. Res J Pharmaceut Biol Chem Sci. 2012; 3(1):12–21.

Valsaraj R. Pushpangadan P, Smitt UW, Adsersen A, Nyman U. Antimicrobial screening of selected medicinal plants from India. J Ethnopharmacol. 1997; 58(2):75–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378- 8741(97)00085-8

Acharyya S, Dash GK, Mondal S, Dash SK. Studies on hypoglycaemic activity of the different extracts of Spondias mangifera Willd., root. Asian J Pharmaceut Sci Tech. 2010; 2(3):184–90.

Salma S, Eman AS, Rola ML, Abdel NBS. Comparative metabolic profiling of essential oils from Spondias pinnata (Linn. F.) Kurz and characterization of their antibacterial activities. Ind Crop Prod. 2019; 137:468– 74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.05.060

Mondal S, Dash GK. Hypoglycemic activity of the bark of Spondias pinnata Linn. Kurz. Pharmacognosy Magazine. 2009; 5(19):42–5.

Acharyya S, Dash GK, Mondal S, Dash SK. Studies on Hypoglycaemic activity of the different extracts of Spondias mangifera Willd., root. Asian J Pharmaceut Sci Tech. 2010; 2(3):184–90.

Diptimayee D, Prasanjit KD, Ratan L. To evaluate the hypoglycaemic effect of the fruit pulp extract of Spondias pinnata Linn. Kurz on experimental model of diabetes mellitus. Asian J Pharmaceut Clin Res. 2016; 9(1):113–16.

Ghate NB, Hazra B, Sarkar R, Mandal N. In vitro anticancer activity of Spondias pinnata bark on human lung and breast carcinoma. Cytotechnology. 2014; 66(2):209–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10616- 013-9553-7. PMid:23686547 PMCid:PMC3918266

Chaudhuri D, Ghate NB, Singh SS, Mandal N. Methyl gallate isolated from Spondias pinnata exhibits anticancer activity against human glioblastoma by induction of apoptosis and sustained extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 activation. Phcog Mag. 2015; 11(42):269–76. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973- 1296.153078 PMid:25829764 PMCid:PMC4378123

Inoue M, Suzuki R, Koide T, Sakaguchi N, Ogihara Y, Yabu Y. Antioxidant, gallic acid, induces apoptosis in HL-60RG cells. Biochem Biophys Res Comm. 1994; 204(2):898–04. https://doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.1994.25 44. PMid:7980558

Heekyung L, Hyojung L, Youngjoo K, Jun-Ho L, Jinju K, Min-Kyu S, Sung-Hoon K, Hyunsu B. Methyl gallate exhibits potent antitumor activities by inhibiting tumor infiltration of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells. Journal of Immunology. 2010; 185(11):6698–705. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol .1001373. PMid:21048105

Das J, Mannan A, Md Mominur R, Md Abu MD, Erfan UM, Irfan NK, et al. Chloroform and ethanol extract of Spondias pinnata and its different pharmacological activity like antioxidant, cytotoxic, antibacterial potential and phytochemical screening through in-vitro method. International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences. 2011; 2(4):1805–12.

Dipankar C, Nikhil BG, Sudhir SS. Mandal N. Methyl gallate isolated from Spondias pinnata exhibits anticancer activity against human glioblastoma by induction of apoptosis and sustained extracellular signal regulated kinase ½ activation. Phcog Mag. 2015; 11(42):269–76. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973- 1296.153078. PMid:25829764. PMCid:PMC4378123

Mondal S, Dash GK. Ulcer protective activity of ethanol extract from Spondias pinnata leaf. Annual Conference of Indian Pharmacological Society, India. Gujarat: RK University; 2008.

Mondal S, Chhetree RR, Dash GK. Anti-diarrhoeal activity of S. pinnata fruits. Bio Med. 2009; 05(01):16–18.

Chetia B, Gogoi S. Antibacterial activity of the methanolic extract of stem barks of Spondias pinnata, Moringa oleifera and Alstonia scholaris. Asian Journal of Traditional Medicines. 2011; 6(4):163–7.

Gupta VK, Roy A, Nigam VK, Mukherjee K: Antimicrobial activity of Spondias pinnata resin. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 2010; 4(16):1656–61.

Foysal MJ, Rahman MM and Alam M. Antibiotic sensitivity and in vitro antimicrobial activity of plant extracts to pseudomonas fluorescens isolates collected from diseased fish. International Journal of Natural Sciences. 2011; 1(4):82–8. https://doi.org/10.3329/ijn s.v1i4.9733

Bauer AW, Kirbey WMM, Sherries JC, Truck M. Antibiotic susceptibility testing by standardized single disc method. Am J Clin Pathol. 1996; 45(4): 493–6. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/45.4_ts.493. PM id:5325707

Barry AL. Procedures for testing antimicrobial agents in agar media. Antibiotics in laboratory medicine; (V. Lorian Ed.). Baltimore. USA: Willams and Wilkins Company; 1980.

Joysree D, Adnan M, Md Mominur R, Md Abu MD, Muhammad EU, Irfan NK, Md Razibul H, Nahid H. Chloroform and ethanol extract of Spondias pinnata and its different pharmacological activity like anti oxidant, cytotoxic, antibacterial potential and phytochemical screening through in-vitro method. International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences. 2011; 2(4):1805–12.

Rao BG, Raju NJ. Investigation of hepatoprotective activity of Spondias pinnata. International Journal of Pharma Sciences and Research. 2010; 1(3):193–8.

Hazra B, Sarkar R, Mandal N. Spondias pinnata stem bark extract lessens iron overloaded liver toxicity due to hemosiderosis in Swiss albino mice. Ann Hepatol. 2013; 12(1):123–9. https://doi. org/10.1016/S1665-2681(19)31394-8

Chaudhuri D, Ghate NB, Panja S, Mandal N. Role of phenolics from Spondias pinnata bark in amelioration of iron overload induced hepatic damage in Swiss albino mice. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol. 2016; 17(1): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40360-016-0077-6.PM id:27459849 PMCid:PMC4962386

Seyed FN, Seyed Mohammad N, Solomon H, Akbar HM, Antoni S, Mahtab J, Ali Mohammad L. Hepatoprotective effect of gallic acid isolated from Peltiphyllum peltatum against sodium fluorideinduced oxidative stress. Ind Crop Prod. 2013; 44:50– 5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2012.10.024

Manik MK, Islam SMA, Wahid MA, Morshed MM, Kamal S, Islam MS, Ahmed KT. investigation of in-vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial and thrombolytic activity of the exocarp of Spondias pinnata (Anacar diaceae). Can Chem Trans. 2013; 1(3):191–201. https:// doi.org/10.13179/canchemtrans.2013.01.03.0029

Sonia K, Rumana A, Nazma AT, Md. Abdul W, Syeda NN, Mohammad S, et al. Biological investigation of the leaf extract of Spondias pinnata. Int J Pharmaceut Sci Res. 2015; 6(8):3351–8.

Uddin J, Islam MN, Ali MH, Khan SA, Labu ZK. Correlation of thrombolytic and membrane stabilizing activities with total flavonoid content aerial parts of Spondias pinnata. Bangladesh Pharm. J. 2016; 19(1):48–52. https://doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v19i1.29238

Jalal U, Md Nurul I, Md Haider A, Shah AK, Zubair KL. Correlation of thrombolytic and membr ane stabilizing activities with total flavonoids content aerial parts of Spondias pinnata. Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal. 2016; 19(1):48–52. https:// doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v19i1.29238

Ghate NB, Chaudhuri D, Panja S, Singh SS, Gupta G, Lee CY, et al. In-vitro mechanistic study of the anti-inflammatory activity of a quinoline isolated from Spondias pinnata bark. J Nat Prod. 2018; 81(9):1956–61. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs. jnatprod.8b00036. PMid:30215255

Ren L, Jing JY, Xing ZS, Yuan FW, Richard TC, You KX, et al. Chemical composition and the cytotoxic, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities of the fruit peel essential oil from Spondias pinnata (Anacardiaceae) in Xishuangbanna. South west China. Molecules. 2020; 25(343):1–13. https:// doi.org/10.3390/molecules25020343 PMid:31952118 PMCid:PMC7024216

Bibhabasu H, Santau B, Nripendranath M. Antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of Spondias pinnata. BMC Compl Alternative Med. 2008; 8(1):63–75. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882- 8-63. PMid:19068130 PMCid:PMC2636748

Panda BK, Patra VJ, Mishra US, Kar S, Panda BR, Hati MR. Analgesic activities of the stem bark extract of Spondias pinata (Linn. f) Kurz. J Pharm Res. 2009; 2(5):825–7.

Jannatun N, Jasmin AN, Irin BA, Md Saddam H, Latifa B. Evaluation of analgesic activity of methanol extract from the Spondias pinnata. World J Pharm Pharmaceut Sci. 2016; 4(12):260–5.

Panda BK, Patro VJ, Mishra US. Comparative study of anti-pyretic activity between acetone and ethanol stem bark extracts of Spondias pinnata (Linn.F) Kurz. Chemical and Biological Sciences. 2014; 1(1):26–32.

Das S, De B. Evaluation of Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitory potential of some underutilized indigenous fruits of West Bengal using an in-vitro model. Fruits. 2013; 68(6):499–506. https://doi.org/10.1051/fruits/2013092

Kumar R, Elumalai A, Eswariah MC. An updated review on anthelmintic plants. Journal of Pharma ceutical and Scientific information. 2012; 1(1):32–4.

Mondal S, Dash GK, Chhetree RR. Anthelmintic activity of Spondias pinnata (Linn. F) Kurz. Research Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 2010; 2(2):129–30.

Mondal S, Dash GK, Acharyya S, Brahma DK, Bal S. Studies on diuretic and laxative activity of bark extracts of Spondias pinnata (Linn. f) Kurz. Phcog Mag. 2009; 5(19):28–31.

Gupta R, Thakur B, Singh P, Singh HB, Sharma VD, Katoch VM, Chauhan SVS. Anti-tuberculosis Activity of selected medicinal plants against multidrug resistant Mycobacterium Tuberculosis isolates. International Journal Medicine Research. 2010; 131(6):809–13.

Putra DIBN, Mita A, Ni Putu A. Anti-tuberculosis activity of forest Kedondong (Spondias pinnata) stem bark extract against Multiple Drug Resistance (MDR) strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Bali Medical Journal. 2016; 5(1):23–6. https://doi.org/10.15562/ bmj.v5i1.190

Nikhil BG, Bibhabasu H, Rhitajit S, Nripendranath M. In-vitro anticancer activity of Spondias pinnata bark on human lung and breast carcinoma. Cyto technology. 2014; 66(2): 209–18. https://doi.org/10. 1007/s10616-013-9553-7 PMid:23686547 PMCid:PM C3918266

Suman A, Gauri KD, Sumanta M, Santosh KD. Antioxidative and antimicrobial study of Spondias mangifera Willd root. Int J Pharm Pharmaceut Sci. 2010; 2(4):68–71.

Chen Y, Lawless C, Gillespie CS, Wu J, Boys RJ, Wilkinson DJ. CaliBayes and BASIS: integrated tools for the calibration, simulation and storage of biological simulation models. Briefings in Bioinformatics. 2010; 11(3):278–89. https://doi.org/10 .1093/bib/bbp072 PMid:20056731

Supawadee P, Jureerut D, Amonrat K, Chia YL. Tyrosinase inhibitory effect, antioxidant and Anti cancer activities of bioactive compounds in ripe hog plum (Spondias pinnata) fruit extracts. Orient J Chem. 2019; 35(3):916–26. https://doi.org/10.13005/ ojc/350302

Raju NJ, Pawar VS, Vishala TC. Anti-hyperlipidemic activity of Spondias pinnata fruit extracts. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Drug Research. 2017; 9(4):178–81. https://doi. org/10.25004/IJPSDR.2017.090404

Kishore H, Kaur B, Kalsi V, Suttee A. Effect of ethanolic extract of Spondias pinnata on ischemia reperfusion injury and ischemic preconditioning of heart. International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research. 2016; 8(5):865–70.

Jannatun N, Jasmin AN, Rafat J, Md Saddam H, Safiqul I, Latifa B. Screening anxiolytic activities of methanolic fruit extracts of Spondias pinnata plant. Int Res J Pharm. 2016; 7(11):15–18. https://doi.org/10.7897/22 30-8407.0711121

Beena S, Gayathri R, Abhineetha, Niha B, Preethika, Sudarshan R. Study of protective action of Spondias pinnata bark extract on rat liver and kidney against etoposide induced chemical stress. Phcog J. 2016; 8(1):24–7. https://doi.org/10.5530/pj.2016.1.5

Sudarshan RC, Beena VS, Gayathri MR. Oral ingestion of Spondias pinnata bark extract trim down severity of small intestinal mucositis in etoposide treated rats. Journal of Cancer Science & Therapy. 2015; 7(2):30–3. https://doi.org/10.4172/1948-5956.10 00321

Sivaprasad M, Policegoudra RS, Swaroop Kumar HM, Aradhya SM. Platelet aggregation inhibitory activity and radical scavenging activity of Spondias mangifera Willd. South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology. 2011; 1(1):1–6.

Mohammad KM, Islam Shawkat MA, Wahid Md A, Mohammed MM, Kamal S, Islam Md, Ahmed KhT. Investigation of in-vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial and thrombolytic activity of the exocarp of Spondias pinnata (Anacardiaceae). Can Chem Trans. 2013; 1(3):191–201. https://doi.org/10.13179/canchemtrans. 2013.01.03.0029

Attanayake AP, Jayatilaka KA, Pathirana C, Mudduwa LK. Toxicological investigation of Spondias pinnata (Linn. F.) Kurz. (Family: Anacardiaceae) bark extract in Wistar rats. Int J Green Pharm. 2015; 9(1):26–31. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-8258.150918

Kumar PK, Sastry VG. Toxicity studies of ethanolic extract of Spondias pinnata Kurz., in experimental animals. Int J Med Chem Anal. 2013; 1(1):17–22.