Effectiveness of Tea Made from Cissampelos sympodialis Leaves in the Treatment of Anxiety and Depression: A Controlled Clinical Trial

Jump To References Section

Authors

  • Liane Franco Barros Mangueira
     Graduate Programme of the Federal University of Paraíba, Paraíba ,BR
  • Ricardo Andre Medeiros Negreiros
     Centre for Medical Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, Paraíba ,BR
  • Cícero Flávio Soares Aragão
     Pharmacy Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Norte ,BR
  • José Kenio de Sousa
     Reference Centre for Health Attencion (CRAS), Federal University of Paraíba, Paraíba ,BR
  • Mayra Ferreira de Freitas Montenegro
     Lauro Wanderley University Hospital, Paraíba ,BR
  • João Bosco Guerreiro da Silva
     Faculty of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São Paulo ,BR
  • José Maria Barbosa-Filho
     Centre for Health Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, Paraíba ,BR
  • Margareth de Fátima Formiga Melo Diniz
     Centre for Health Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, Paraíba ,BR

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18311/jnr/2024/34177

Keywords:

Anxiety, Auriculotherapy, Cissampelos sympodialis Eichl. (CsE), Medicinal Plants, Traditional Medicine

Abstract

The species Cissampelos sympodialis Eichl. (CsE) is popularly used for its anti-inflammatory, bronchodilator and anti-allergiceffects. In preclinical studies, the plant has shown anxiolytic and antidepressant properties, which necessitated a controlledclinical trial to verify its effects in humans. A quasi-randomized study was developed in which the volunteers were divided intothree groups: CsE leaves tea (n = 21), auriculotherapy (n = 20) and no intervention (n = 19). The participants in the three groupsreceived weekly sachets of powdered dried leaves of CsE for tea preparation or auriculotherapy or did not receive intervention,respectively. At the beginning and end of the 5-week follow-up, the volunteers completed the following questionnaires: STAI-S,STAI-T, BDI and BAI. The phytochemical analysis of the sachet containing the powdered dried CsE leaves showed the presenceof alkaloids, steroids, tannins and flavonoids. In addition, the chromatographic analysis of CsE leaves identified the presence of7 chemical substances, for instance Malic Acid, α-L-Mannofuranose and Myo-Inositol. The STAI-S, STAI-T, BDI and BAI responsesshowed that the groups using tea or auriculotherapy showed significant reductions in mean scores in the two-way repeatedmeasures analysis of variance. In the no-intervention group, no significant differences were found on any scale. Applying the post-hoc test, the influence of the group on the initial or final variances of the STAI-S (p = 0.004), STAI-T (p = 0.005), BDI (p < 0.0005)and BAI (p = 0.011) data were tested, highlighting that the tea and auriculotherapy led to the decrease in the questionnairescores post-treatment. The tea of leaves of CsE proved, in this study, to be effective in decreasing the scores of STAI-S, STAI-T,BDI and BAI and could represent a new perspective of complementary treatment for the symptoms of anxiety and depression.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Downloads

Published

2024-01-01

How to Cite

Barros Mangueira, L. F., Medeiros Negreiros, R. A., Soares Aragão, C. F., Sousa, J. K. de, Montenegro, M. F. de F., da Silva, J. B. G., Barbosa-Filho, J. M., & Melo Diniz, M. de F. F. (2024). Effectiveness of Tea Made from <i>Cissampelos sympodialis</i> Leaves in the Treatment of Anxiety and Depression: A Controlled Clinical Trial. Journal of Natural Remedies, 24(1), 89–105. https://doi.org/10.18311/jnr/2024/34177

Issue

Volume 24, Issue 1, January 2024

Section

Research Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2024 Liane Franco Barros Mangueira, Ricardo Andre Medeiros Negreiros, Cícero Flávio Soares Aragão, José Kenio de Sousa, Mayra Ferreira de Freitas Montenegro, João Bosco Guerreiro da Silva, José Maria Barbosa-Filho, Margareth de Fátima Formiga Melo Diniz (Author)

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC
Received 2023-06-22
Accepted 2023-10-12
Published 2024-01-01

 

References

Filho JMB, Agra MF, Thomas G. Botanical, chemical and pharmacological investigation on Cissampelos species fromParaíba (Brazil). Ciênc cult (São Paulo). 1997; 49(5,6):386-94.

Agra MF, de Freitas PF, Barbosa-Filho JM. Synopsis of the plants known as medicinal and poisonous in Northeast ofBrazil. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia. 2007; 17(1):114-40. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-695X2007000100021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-695X2007000100021

Cavalcanti AC, Gomes ANP, Porto NM, AgraMF, Moura TFAL, Oliveira EJ. Phamacognosticevaluation of Cissampelos sympodialis Eichl. leaves.South African Journal of Botany. 2014; 93:70-8.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2014.03.014 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2014.03.014

Semwal DK, Semwal RB, Vermaak I, Viljoen A. From arrowpoison to herbal medicine - The ethnobotanical, phytochemicaland pharmacological significance of Cissampelos(Menispermaceae). Journal of Ethnopharmacology.2014;155(2):1011-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.06.054PMid:24997389 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.06.054

Leite FC, Mello CS, Fialho LG, Marinho CF, Lima ALA,Filho JMB, et al. Erratum in Cissampelos sympodialis hasanti-viral effect inhibiting dengue non-structural viralprotein-1 and pro-inflammatory mediators [Rev. Bras.Farmacogn. 26 (2016) 502-506]. Revista Brasileira deFarmacognosia. 2017; 27(2):272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjp.2017.02.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjp.2017.02.001

Leite FC, Mello CS, Fialho LG, Marinho CF, Lima ALA,Filho JMB, et al. Cissampelos sympodialis has anti-viraleffect inhibiting dengue non-structural viral protein-1and pro-inflammatory mediators. Revista Brasileirade Farmacognosia. 2016; 26(4):502-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjp.2016.03.013 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjp.2016.03.013

Silva LR, Alves AF, Cavalcante-Silva LHA, Braga RM,de Almeida RN, Barbosa-Filho JM, et al. Milonine, amorphinandienone alkaloid, has anti-inflammatoryand analgesic effects by inhibiting TNF-α and IL-1βproduction. Inflammation. 2017; 40(6):2074-85. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10753-017-0647-9 PMid:28801761 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10753-017-0647-9

Vieira GC, Gadelha FAAF, Pereira RF, FerreiraLKDP, Barbosa-Filho JM, Bozza PT, et al. Warifteine,an alkaloid of Cissampelos sympodialis, modulatesallergic profile in a chronic allergic rhinitis model.Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia. 2018; 28(1):50-6.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjp.2017.10.009 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjp.2017.10.009

Vieira GC, de Lima JF, De Figueiredo RCBQ, MascarenhasSR, Bezerra-Santos CR, Piuvezam MR. Inhaled Cissampelossympodialis down-regulates airway allergic reaction byreducing lung CD3+T cells. Phytotherapy Research.2013; 27(6):916-25. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.4791PMid:22933368 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.4791

Diniz MFFM, Melo AFM, Santos HB, Silva MVB, MedeirosIA. Pre-clinical toxicological acute assays with the leaves of Cissampelos sympodialis Eichl. in mice. Revista Brasileira deCiências da Saúde. 2004; 8(2):135-42.

Mangueira LFB, Ramalho LSN, Lira AB, Ramalho JA,Oliveira KM, Torres AIPA, et al. Clinical safety evaluationof a tea containing Cissampelos sympodialis in healthyvolunteers. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia. 2015;25(5):491-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjp.2015.06.009 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjp.2015.06.009

de Sales IRP, Formiga RDO, Machado FDF, NascimentoRF, Pessoa MMB, Barros MEFX, et al. Cytoprotective,antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanism related toantiulcer activity of Cissampelos sympodialis Eichl. in animalmodels. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2018; 222:190-200.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2018.04.019. PMid:29704592 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2018.04.019

Almeida RN, Melo-Diniz MFF, Medeiros IA, Quintans-Júnior LJ, Navarro DS, Falcão ACGM, et al. Anorectic andbehavioural effects of chronic Cissampelos sympodialistreatment in female and male rats. Phytotherapy Research.2005; 19(2):121-4. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1626.PMid:15852484 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1626

Alves AF, Vieira GC, Gadelha FAAF, Cavalcante-Silva LHA,Martins MA, Barbosa-Filho JM, et al. Milonine, an Alkaloidof Cissampelos sympodialis Eichl. (Menispermaceae) inhibitshistamine release of activated mast cells. Inflammation. 2017;40(6):2118-28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10753-017-0652-zPMid:28812277 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10753-017-0652-z

Almeida RN, Navarro DS, de Assis TS, de Medeiros IA,Thomas G. Antidepressant effect of an ethanolic extractof the leaves of Cissampelos sympodialis in rats and mice.Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 1998; 63(3):247-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(98)00086-5 PMid:10030729 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(98)00086-5

Mendonça-Netto S, Varela RWB, Fechine MF, QueirogaMNG, Souto-Maior FN, Almeida RN. Antidepressanteffects of total tertiary alkaloid fraction of Cissampelossympodialis Eichler in rodents. Revista Brasileira deFarmacognosia. 2008; 18(2):165-9. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-695X2008000200004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-695X2008000200004

Bezerra-Santos CR, Bondarenko E, Essilfie AT, Nair PM,Horvat JC, Barbosa-Filho JM, et al. Cissampelos sympodialisand warifteine suppress anxiety-like symptoms and allergicairway inflammation in acute murine asthma model.Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia. 2020; 30:224-32.https://doi.org/10.1007/s43450-020-00026-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43450-020-00026-4

Khan A, Mazumder A, Saini J. The challenging role offlavonoids as a potential phytochemical to treat anxiety.Journal of Natural Remedies. 2023; 23(2):383-96. https://doi.org/10.18311/jnr/2023/32406 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18311/jnr/2023/32406

Geng J, Xu J, Wang X, Liu Y, Cui Y, Li X. Acupuncture: Anew method to treat tic disorders in children. TraditionalMedicine Research. 2022; 7(2):16. https://doi.org/10.53388/TMR20220127259 DOI: https://doi.org/10.53388/TMR20220127259

Kurebayashi LFS, Turrini RNT, Souza TPB, Marques CF,Rodrigues RTF, Charlesworth K. Auriculotherapy to reduceanxiety and pain in nursing professionals: A randomized clinical trial. Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem.2017; 25. https://doi.org/10.1590/1518-8345.1761.2843PMid:28403335 PMCid:PMC5396483 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1518-8345.1761.2843

Moura CC, Csizmar CC, Silva AM, Iunes DH, de CarvalhoEC, Chaves ÉCL, et al. Effect of auriculotherapy on anxiety.Rev Cuba Enferm [Internet]. 2014; 30(2):1–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jspd.2019.04.005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jspd.2019.04.005

Schmidt DRC, Ras D, Mhp M, Depresión AY,De EP, Que E, et al. Ansiedade e depressão entreprofissionais de enfermagem que atuam em blocoscirúrgicos - Anxiety and depression among nursingprofessionals who work in surgical units. Revista daEscola de Enfermagem da USP. 2011; 45(2):487-93.https://doi.org/10.1590/S0080-62342011000200026PMid:21655802 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0080-62342011000200026

Hou PW, Hsu HC, Lin YW, Tang NY, Cheng CY, HsiehCL. The history, mechanism, and clinical applicationof auricular therapy in traditional Chinese medicine.Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine.2015; 2015(2013). https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/495684PMid:26823672 PMCid:PMC4707384 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/495684

Wirz-Ridolfi A. The history of ear acupuncture and earcartography: Why precise mapping of auricular pointsis important. Medical Acupuncture. 2019; 31(3):145-56.https://doi.org/10.1089/acu.2019.1349 PMid:31297168PMCid:PMC6604909 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1089/acu.2019.1349

Wu C, Liu P, Fu H, Chen W, Cui S, Lu L, et al.Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulationin treating major depressive disorder - A systematicreview and meta-analysis. Medicine. 2018; 97(52).https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000013845PMid:30593183 PMCid:PMC6314717 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000013845

Chao L, Gonçalves ASR, Campos ACP, Assis DV, JerônimoR, Kuroki MA, et al. Comparative effect of dense-and-disperse versus non-repetitive and non-sequentialfrequencies in electroacupuncture-induced analgesiain a rodent model of peripheral neuropathic pain.Acupuncture in Medicine. 2022; 40(2):169-77. https://doi.org/10.1177/09645284211055751 PMid:34758667 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/09645284211055751

Sant’anna MB, Sant’anna LB, Chao LW, Sant’anna FM.Auriculotherapy for chronic cervical pain. MedicalAcupuncture. 2021; 33(6):403-9. https://doi.org/10.1089/acu.2021.0039 PMid:34976273 PMCid:PMC8716473 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1089/acu.2021.0039

Vickers AJ, Cronin AM, Maschino AC, Lewith G,MacPherson H, Victor N, et al. Acupuncture for chronicpain: Individual patient data meta-analysis. Archives ofInternal Medicine. 2012; 172(19):1444-53. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinternmed.2012.3654 PMid:22965186PMCid:PMC3658605 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/archinternmed.2012.3654

Klausenitz C, Hacker H, Hesse T, Kohlmann T, EndlichK, Hahnenkamp K, et al. Auricular acupuncture for examanxiety in medical students - A randomized crossoverinvestigation. PLoS One. 2016; 11(12):1-9. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0168338 PMid:28033320PMCid:PMC5198977 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0168338

Landgren K, Strand AS, Ekelin M, Ahlström G. Earacupuncture in psychiatric care from the health careprofessionals’ perspective: A phenomenographic analysis.Issues in Mental Health Nursing. 2019; 40(2):166-75. https://doi.org/10.1080/01612840.2018.1534908 PMid:30605358 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01612840.2018.1534908

Negreiros RAM, Formiga VM, Rodrigues JVA, Sousa AQBde H, Costa IFM, Figueiredo CA de, et al. Auriculoterapiano manejo da ansiedade em estudantes universitários: Umestudo randomizado. Revista Eletrônica Acervo Saúde.2021; 13(4). https://doi.org/10.25248/reas.e6921.2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.25248/reas.e6921.2021

Sparkman OD, Penton ZE, Kitson FG. Gas chromatographyand mass spectrometry (Second Edition). Academic Press;2011. p. 2-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-373628-4.00001-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-373628-4.00004-6

Amorim D, Amado J, Brito I, Fiuza SM, Amorim N, CosteiraC, et al. Acupuncture and electroacupuncture for anxietydisorders: A systematic review of the clinical research.Vol. 31, Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice;2018. p. 31-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2018.01.008PMid:29705474 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2018.01.008

Buchanan TM, Reilly PM, Vafides C, Dykes P. Reducinganxiety and improving engagement in health care providersthrough an auricular acupuncture intervention. Dimensionsof Critical Care Nursing. 2018; 37(2):87-96. https://doi.org/10.1097/DCC.0000000000000288 PMid:29381504 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/DCC.0000000000000288

Dellovo AG, Souza LMA, de Oliveira JS, Amorim KS,Groppo FC. Effects of auriculotherapy and midazolamfor anxiety control in patients submitted to third molarextraction. International Journal of Oral and MaxillofacialSurgery. 2019; 48(5):669-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2018.10.014 PMid:30442551 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2018.10.014

Kurebayashi LFS, Gnatta JR, Borges TP, Da Silva MJP.Effectiveness of auriculotherapy for stress, based onexperience of the therapist: A clinical trial. Acta Paulista deEnfermagem. 2012; 25(5):694-700. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-21002012000500008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-21002012000500008

Kurebayashi LFS, Silva MJP. Efficacy of Chineseauriculotherapy for stress in nursing staff: A randomizedclinical trial. Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem.2014; 22(3):371-8. https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-1169.3239.2426 PMid:25029046 PMCid:PMC4292631 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-1169.3239.2426

Iunes DH, Chaves ÉDCL, Moura CDC, Côrrea B, CarvalhoLC, Silva AM, et al. Role of auriculotherapy in the treatmentof temporomandibular disorders with anxiety in universitystudents. Evidence-Based Complementary and AlternativeMedicine. 2015; 2015. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/430143PMid:26495012 PMCid:PMC4606196 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/430143

Wan Q, Luo S, Wang X, Tian Q, Xi H, Zheng S,et al. Association of acupuncture and auricularacupressure with the improvement of sleepdisturbances in cancer survivors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Oncology. 2022;12(May):1-12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2022.856093PMid:35664757 PMCid:PMC9159913 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2022.856093

Vieira A, Hinzmann M, Silva K, Santos MJ, MachadoJ. Clinical effect of auricular acupuncture in anxietylevels of students prior to the exams: A randomizedcontrolled trial. European Journal of Integrative Medicine.2018; 20(May):188-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eujim.2018.05.012 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eujim.2018.05.012

Pilkington K, Kirkwood G, Rampes H, CummingsM, Richardson J. Acupuncture for anxiety andanxiety disorders - A systematic literature review.Acupuncture in Medicine. 2007; 25(1-2):1-10.https://doi.org/10.1136/aim.25.1-2.1 PMid:17641561 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/aim.25.1-2.1

Smith CA, Armour M, Lee MS, Wang LQ, Hay PJ.Acupuncture for depression. Vol. 2018, CochraneDatabase of Systematic Reviews; 2018. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD004046.pub4PMid:29502347 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD004046.pub4

Spielberger CD, Gorsuch RL, Lushene R, Vagg PR, JacobsGA. Manual for the state-trait anxiety inventory. Palo Alto.1983. https://doi.org/10.1037/t06496-000 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/t06496-000

Fioravanti ACM, Santos LF, Maissonette S, Cruz APM,Landeira-Fernandez J. Avaliação da estrutura fatorial daescala de ansiedade-traço do IDATE. Avaliação Psicológica.2006; 5(2):217-24.

Beck AT, Ward CH, Mendelson M, Mock J, Erbaugh J. Aninventory for measuring depression. Archives of GeneralPsychiatry. 1961; 4(6):561-71. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004 PMid:13688369 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004

Beck AT, Brown G, Epstein N, Steer RA. An inventory formeasuring clinical anxiety: Psychometric properties. Journalof Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1988; 56(6):893-7.https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.56.6.893 PMid:3204199 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.56.6.893

Vijeesh V, Vysakh A, Jisha N, Latha MS. Malicacid attenuates potassium oxonate induced goutyinflammation in wistar rat. Biointerface Researchin Applied Chemistry. 2022; 12(2):1682-91.https://doi.org/10.33263/BRIAC122.16821691 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33263/BRIAC122.16821691

Koriem KMM, Tharwat HAK. Malic Acidimproves behavioral, biochemical, and moleculardisturbances in the hypothalamus of stressed rats.Journal of Integrative Neuroscience. 2023; 22.https://doi.org/10.31083/j.jin2204098 PMid:37519180 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31083/j.jin2204098

Ghouili E, Sassi K, Jebara M, Hidri Y, OuertaniRN, Muhovski Y, et al. Physiological responses andexpression of sugar associated genes in faba bean(Vicia faba L.) exposed to osmotic stress. Physiologyand Molecular Biology of Plants. 2021; 27(1):135-50.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-021-00935-1PMid:33627968 PMCid:PMC7873190 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-021-00935-1

Pu J, Liu Y, Gui S, Tian L, Yu Y, Wang D, et al. Effects ofpharmacological treatment on metabolomic alterations in animal models of depression. Translational Psychiatry.2022; 12(1):1-10. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-022-01947-5 PMid:35487889 PMCid:PMC9055046 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-022-01947-5

Alok A, Singh S, Kumar P, Bhati KK. The potential ofengineering the Myo-inositol oxidation pathway to increasestress resilience in plants. Molecular Biology Reports. 2022;49:8025-35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-022-07333-0PMid:35294703 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-022-07333-0

Migała M, Chałubińska-Fendler J, Zielińska M.1,5-anhydroglucitol as a marker of acute hyperglycemiain cardiovascular events. The Review of Diabetic Studies.2022; 18:68-75. https://doi.org/10.1900/RDS.2022.18.68.PMid:35831937 PMCid:PMC10044046 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1900/RDS.2022.18.68

Li S, Wang J, Xiao Y, Zhang L, Fang J, Yang N, et al. Dribose:Potential clinical applications in congestive heart failure anddiabetes, and its complications (Review). Experimental andTherapeutic Medicine. 2021; 21:1-9. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.9927 PMid:33791005 PMCid:PMC8005739 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.9927

Costi JM, Da Silva JBG, Min LS, Moré AOO, Hokama AL.Teaching acupuncture: The Brazilian medical residencyprogramme. Acupuncture in Medicine. 2012; 30(4):350-3.https://doi.org/10.1136/acupmed-2012-010184PMid:22989942 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/acupmed-2012-010184

Moré AO, Tesser CD, Da Silva JB, Min LS. Status andimpact of acupuncture research: A bibliometric analysis ofglobal and Brazilian scientific output from 2000 to 2014.Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine.2016; 22(6):429-36. https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2015.0281PMid:27136034 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2015.0281

Li J-Q, Huang W-J, Zhang K, Zhao M-D. Annual advancesof acupuncture research in 2021. Traditional MedicineResearch. 2023; 8(7):39. https://doi.org/10.53388/TMR20230112001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.53388/TMR20230112001

Karst M, Winterhalter M, Münte S, Francki B, HondronikosA, Eckardt A, et al. Auricular acupuncture for dental anxiety:A randomized controlled trial. Anesthesia and Analgesia.2007; 104(2):295-300. https://doi.org/10.1213/01.ane.0000242531.12722.fd PMid:17242083 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1213/01.ane.0000242531.12722.fd

Chueh KH, Chang CC, Yeh ML. Effects of auricularacupressure on sleep quality, anxiety, and depressedmood in RN-BSN students with sleep disturbance.Journal of Nursing Research. 2018; 26(1):10-7. https://doi.org/10.1097/JNR.0000000000000209 PMid:29315203 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/JNR.0000000000000209

Bezerra-Santos CR, Vieira-de-Abreu A, Barbosa-Filho JM,Bandeira-Melo C, Piuvezam MR, Bozza PT. Anti-allergicproperties of Cissampelos sympodialis and its isolated alkaloidwarifteine. International Immunopharmacology. 2006;6(7):1152-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2006.02.007PMid:16714219 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2006.02.007

Bezerra-Santos CR, Vieira-De-Abreu A, Vieira GC, FilhoJR, Barbosa-Filho JM, Pires AL, et al. Effectiveness ofCissampelos sympodialis and its isolated alkaloid warifteinein airway hyperreactivity and lung remodeling in a mouse model of asthma. International Immunopharmacology.2012; 13(2):148-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2012.03.014 PMid:22480776 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2012.03.014

WHO (World Health Organization). The world traditionalmedicines situation in Traditional medicines: Globalsituation, issues and challenges. Geneva; 2011. p. 1-14.

Palhares RM, Drummond MG, Brasil BSAF, CosenzaGP, Brandão MDGL, Oliveira G. Medicinal plantsrecommended by the World Health Organization: DNAbarcode identification associated with chemical analysesguarantees their quality. PLoS One. 2015; 10(5):1-29. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0127866 PMid:25978064PMCid:PMC4433216 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0127866

Fajemiroye JO, da Silva DM, de Oliveira DR,Costa EA. Treatment of anxiety and depression:Medicinal plants in retrospect. Fundamental andClinical Pharmacology. 2016; 30(3):198-215.https://doi.org/10.1111/fcp.12186 PMid:26851117 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/fcp.12186

Moragrega I, Ríos JL. Medicinal plants in the treatment ofdepression II: Evidence from clinical trials. Planta Medica.2022; 88(12):1092-10. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1517-6882PMid:34157753 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1517-6882

Yeung KS, Hernandez M, Mao JJ, Haviland I, Gubili J. Herbalmedicine for depression and anxiety: A systematic reviewwith assessment of potential psycho-oncologic relevance.Phytotherapy Research. 2018; 32(5):865-91. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.6033 PMid:29464801 PMCid:PMC5938102 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.6033

Borrás S, Martínez-Solís I, Ríos JL. Medicinal plantsfor insomnia related to anxiety: An updated review.Planta Medica. 2021; 87(10-11):738-53. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1510-9826 PMid:34116572 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1510-9826

Fonseca LR, Rodrigues RA, Ramos AS, Da CruzJD, Ferreira JLP, Silva JRA, et al. Herbal medicinalproducts from passiflora for anxiety: An unexploited potential. The Scientific World Journal. 2020; 2020.https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/6598434 PMid:32765195PMCid:PMC7387951 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/6598434

Dantas LP, de Oliveira-Ribeiro A, de Almeida-SouzaLM, Groppo FC. Effects of passiflora incarnata andmidazolam for control of anxiety in patients undergoingdental extraction. Medicina Oral, Patologia Oral, CirugiaBucal. 2017; 22(1):e95-101. https://doi.org/10.4317/medoral.21140 PMid:27918731 PMCid:PMC5217504 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4317/medoral.21140

Ngan A, Conduit R. A Double-blind, Placebo-controlledInvestigation of the Effects of Passiflora incarnata(Passionflower) Herbal Tea on Subjective Sleep Quality.Phytotherapy Research. 2011; 25(8):1153-9. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.3400 PMid:21294203 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.3400

Chaves PFP, Hocayen P de AS, Dallazen JL, de PaulaWerner MF, Iacomini M, Andreatini R, et al. Chamomiletea: Source of a glucuronoxylan with antinociceptive,sedative and anxiolytic-like effects. International Journalof Biological Macromolecules. 2020; 164:1675-82.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.039PMid:32795578 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.039

Hieu TH, Dibas M, Surya Dila KA, Sherif NA, HashmiMU, Mahmoud M, et al. Therapeutic efficacy and safety ofchamomile for state anxiety, generalized anxiety disorder,insomnia, and sleep quality: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials and quasi-randomized trials.Phytotherapy Research. 2019; 33(6):1604-15. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.6349 PMid:31006899 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.6349

Mao JJ, Xie SX, Keefe JR, Soeller I, Li QS, AmsterdamJ. Long-term Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.)treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomizedclinical trial. Phytomedicine. 2016; 23(14):1735-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2016.10.012 PMid:27912875MCid:PMC5646235 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2016.10.012