Evaluation of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bacillus coagulans against Simvastatin-induced Rhabdomyolysis in Hypercholesterolemic Rats
Authors
-
Acharya Nagarjuna University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guntur - 522510, Andhra Pradesh ,IN
K. Dilip Raja -
Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Rajarshi Shahu College of Pharmacy, Nanded - 443001, Maharashtra ,INA. Shanta Kumari
-
Acharya Nagarjuna University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guntur - 522510, Andhra Pradesh ,INA. Prameela Rani
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18311/jnr/2024/43619Keywords:
Bacillus coagulans, Hyperlipidemia, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Probiotics, RhabdomyolysisAbstract
Background: This study investigates the possible synergistic influence of probiotics, specifically Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA) and Bacillus coagulans (BC), in conjunction with Simvastatin (SMV) for treating Rhabdomyolysis in hypercholesteremic rats. Aim: The study aims to evaluate the combined effects of SMV with LA or BC on various health parameters in hypercholesteremic rats induced with rhabdomyolysis. Methods: Hypercholesteremic rats with rhabdomyolysis were treated with SMV, LA, BC, and combinations of SMV with LA or BC. The study measured body weight, lipid profiles, renal function, skeletal muscle, and inflammation markers. Results: The combination treatments showed promise in reducing body weight gain. Regarding lipid profiles, SMV in tandem with LA demonstrated slightly enhanced efficacy in lipid regulation compared to other combinations. Both probiotic strains exhibited substantial potential in preserving nephron function alongside SMV. Probiotic combinations with SMV helped mitigate skeletal muscle dysfunction. Regarding inflammation, both combinations alleviated inflammation symptomatic of rhabdomyolysis. Notably, BC, combined with SMV, excelled in dampening inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α and IL-6, surpassing LA. Conclusion: The combined administration of SMV with LA or BC effectively mitigates rhabdomyolysis-induced issues, with varying impacts on diverse outcomes. Future investigations are imperative to comprehensively ascertain the optimal probiotic regimen for managing rhabdomyolysis. These positive outcomes underscore the multifaceted roles of probiotics in addressing rhabdomyolysis-related complications, emphasizing the necessity for further exploration into their mechanisms and clinical implications.
Downloads
Metrics
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
License
Copyright (c) 2022 K. Dilip Raja, A. Shanta Kumari, A. Prameela Rani (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Accepted 2024-07-03
Published 2024-08-31
References
Koletzko B. 3.17 Hypercholesterolemia. In: Koletzko B, Bhatia J, Bhutta ZA, Cooper P, Makrides M, Uauy R, et al., editors. World Review of Nutrition and Dietetics. S. Karger AG; 2015. p. 234-8.
Sharma S, Gaur K, Gupta R. Trends in the epidemiology of dyslipidemias in India. Indian Heart J. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ihj.2023.11.266 PMid:38360457 PMCid: PMC11019332
Gupta R, Rao RS, Misra A, Sharma SK. Recent trends in the epidemiology of dyslipidemias in India. Indian Heart J. 2017; 69(3):382-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ihj.2017.02.020 PMid:28648438 PMCid: PMC5485409
Anjana RM, Unnikrishnan R, Deepa M, Pradeepa R, Tandon N, Das AK, et al. Metabolic non-communicable disease health report of India: The ICMR-INDIAB national cross-sectional study (ICMR-INDIAB-17). Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2023; 11(7):474-89.
Feingold KR. Cholesterol Lowering Drugs. In: Feingold KR, Anawalt B, Blackman MR, Boyce A, Chrousos G, Corpas E, et al., editors. Endotext. South Dartmouth (MA): MDText.com, Inc.; 2000.
Schaiff RAB, Moe RM, Krichbaum DW. An overview of cholesterol management. Am Health Drug Benefits. 2008; 1(9):39-48.
Defesche JC, Gidding SS, Harada-Shiba M, Hegele RA, Santos RD, Wierzbicki AS. Familial hypercholesterolaemia. Nat Rev Dis Primer. 2017; 3:17093. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrdp.2017.93 PMid:29219151
Stancu C, Sima A. Statins: Mechanism of action and effects. J Cell Mol Med. 2001; 5(4):378-87. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1582-4934.2001.tb00172.x PMid:12067471 PMCid: PMC6740083
Ward NC, Watts GF, Eckel RH. Statin toxicity. Circ Res. 2019; 124(2):328-50. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.118.312782 PMid:30653440
Ko A, Song J, Golovko G, El Ayadi A, Ozhathil DK, Wermine K, et al. Higher risk of acute kidney injury and death with rhabdomyolysis in severely burned patients. Surgery. 2022; 171(5):1412-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surg.2021.09.029 PMid:35078633 PMCid: PMC9241979
Bin Dayel FF, Alfirevic A, Chadwick AE. Developing in vitro models to define the role of direct mitochondrial toxicity in frequently reported drug-induced rhabdomyolysis. Biomedicines. 2023; 11(5):1485. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11051485 PMid:37239154 PMCid: PMC10216605
Patel BR, Choudhury M. Rhabdomyolysis with simvastatin. Case Rep. 2011; 2011:bcr1220092552. https://doi.org/10.1136/bcr.12.2009.2552 PMid:22715232 PMCid: PMC3028252
Weber W. Drug firm withdraws statin from the market. The Lancet. 2001; 358(9281):568. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(01)05756-7
Research C for DE and. FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) Public Dashboard. FDA. 2021. https://www.fda.gov/drugs/questions-and-answers-fdas-adverse-event-reporting-system-faers/fda-adverse-event-reporting-system-faers-public-dashboard
Reid G, Jass J, Sebulsky MT, McCormick JK. Potential uses of probiotics in clinical practice. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2003; 16(4):658-72. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.16.4.658-672.2003 PMid:14557292 PMCid: PMC207122
Kim SJ, Park SH, Sin HS, Jang SH, Lee SW, Kim SY, et al. Hypocholesterolemic effects of probiotic mixture on diet-induced hypercholesterolemic rats. Nutrients. 2017; 9(3):293. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9030293 PMid:28300786 PMCid: PMC5372956
Ruscica M, Pavanello C, Gandini S, Macchi C, Botta M, Dall’Orto D, et al. Nutraceutical approach for the management of cardiovascular risk - A combination containing the probiotic Bifidobacterium longum BB536 and red yeast rice extract: Results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Nutr J. 2019; 18(1):13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-019-0438-2 PMid:30795775 PMCid: PMC6387491
Chen L, Chang S, Chang H, Wu C, Pan C, Chang C, et al. Probiotic supplementation attenuates age‐related sarcopenia via the gut-muscle axis in SAMP8 mice. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2022; 13(1):515-31. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.12849 PMid:34766473 PMCid: PMC8818665
Chen J, Chen X, Ho CL. Recent development of probiotic bifidobacteria for treating human diseases. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2021; 9:770248. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2021.770248 PMid:35004640 PMCid: PMC8727868
Mihailović M, Živković M, Jovanović JA, Tolinački M, Sinadinović M, Rajić J, et al. Oral administration of probiotic Lactobacillus paraplantarum BGCG11 attenuates diabetes-induced liver and kidney damage in rats. J Funct Foods. 2017; 38:427-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2017.09.033
De Mauri A, Carrera D, Bagnati M, Rolla R, Vidali M, Chiarinotti D, et al. Probiotics-supplemented low-protein diet for microbiota modulation in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (ProLowCKD): Results from a placebo-controlled randomized trial. Nutrients. 2022; 14(8):1637. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14081637 PMid:35458199 PMCid: PMC9025298
Gao H, Li X, Chen X, Hai D, Wei C, Zhang L, et al. The functional roles of Lactobacillus acidophilus in different physiological and pathological processes. J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2022; 32(10):1226-33. https://doi.org/10.4014/jmb.2205.05041 PMid:36196014 PMCid: PMC9668099
Oh JK, Kim YR, Lee B, Choi YM, Kim SH. Prevention of cholesterol gallstone formation by Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 43121 and Lactobacillus fermentum MF27 in lithogenic diet-induced mice. Food Sci Anim Resour. 2021; 41(2):343-52. https://doi.org/10.5851/kosfa.2020.e93 PMid:33987554 PMCid: PMC8115012
Patra A, Mandal A, Roy S, Mandal S, Mondal KC, Nandi DK. Protective effect of selected urease-positive Lactobacillus strains on acetaminophen-induced uremia in rats. Biomed Prev Nutr. 2014; 4(2):271-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bionut.2014.02.001
Wang MX, Lin L, Chen YD, Zhong YP, Lin YX, Li P, et al. Evodiamine has therapeutic efficacy in ulcerative colitis by increasing Lactobacillus acidophilus levels and acetate production. Pharmacol Res. 2020; 159:104978. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104978 PMid:32485282
Yadav H, Jain S, Sinha PR. Antidiabetic effect of probiotic dahi containing Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei in high fructose-fed rats. Nutrition. 2007; 23(1):62-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2006.09.002 PMid:17084593
Hong YF, Kim H, Kim HS, Park WJ, Kim JY, Chung DK. Lactobacillus acidophilus K301 inhibits atherogenesis via induction of 24 (S), 25-epoxycholesterol-mediated ABCA1 and ABCG1 production and cholesterol efflux in macrophages. PloS One. 2016; 11(4):e0154302. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0154302 PMid:27120199 PMCid: PMC4847857
Harakeh SM, Khan I, Kumosani T, Barbour E, Almasaudi SB, Bahijri SM, et al. Gut microbiota: A contributing factor to obesity. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2016; 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2016.00095 PMid:27625997 PMCid: PMC5003832
Cao J, Yu Z, Liu W, Zhao J, Zhang H, Zhai Q, et al. Probiotic characteristics of Bacillus coagulans and associated implications for human health and diseases. J Funct Foods. 2020; 64:103643. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2019.103643
Przewłócka K, Folwarski M, Kaźmierczak-Siedlecka K, Skonieczna-Żydecka K, Kaczor JJ. Gut-muscle axis exists and may affect skeletal muscle adaptation to training. Nutrients. 2020; 12(5):1451. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12051451 PMid:32443396 PMCid: PMC7285193
Shams M, Esmaeili F, Sadeghi S, Shanaki-Bavarsad M, Seyyed Ebrahimi SS, Hashemnia SMR, et al. Bacillus coagulans T4 and Lactobacillus paracasei TD3 ameliorate skeletal muscle oxidative stress and inflammation in high-fat diet-fed C57BL/6J mice. Iran J Pharm Res IJPR. 2023; 22(1):e135249. https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpr-135249 PMid:38116571 PMCid: PMC10728858
Jäger R, Purpura M, Farmer S, Cash HA, Keller D. Probiotic Bacillus coagulans GBI-30, 6086 improves protein absorption and utilization. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins. 2018; 10(4):611-5. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-017-9354-y PMid:29196920 PMCid: PMC6208742
Mandel DR, Eichas K, Holmes J. Bacillus coagulans a viable adjunct therapy for relieving symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis according to a randomized, controlled trial. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2010; 10:1. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-10-1 PMid:20067641 PMCid: PMC2826289
Favero C, Giordano L, Mihaila SM, Masereeuw R, Ortiz A, Sanchez-Niño MD. Postbiotics and kidney disease. Toxins. 2022; 14(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins14090623 PMid:36136562 PMCid: PMC9501217
Srinivasan K, Viswanad B, Asrat L, Kaul CL, Ramarao P. Combination of the high-fat diet-fed and low-dose streptozotocin-treated rat: A model for type 2 diabetes and pharmacological screening. Pharmacol Res. 2005; 52(4):313-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2005.05.004 PMid:15979893
Bertelli JA, Mira JC. The grasping test: A simple behavioural method for objective quantitative assessment of peripheral nerve regeneration in the rat. J Neurosci Methods. 1995; 58(1):151-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-0270(94)00169-H PMid:7475220
McGowan MW, Artiss JD, Strandbergh DR, Zak B. A peroxidase-coupled method for the colourimetric determination of serum triglycerides. Clin Chem. 1983; 29(3):538-42. https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/29.3.538 PMid:6825269
Fossati P, Prencipe L. Serum triglycerides determined colourimetrically with an enzyme that produces hydrogen peroxide. Clin Chem. 1982; 28(10):2077-80. https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/28.10.2077 PMid:6812986
Trinder P. The determination of cholesterol in serum. Analyst. 1952; 77(915):321-5. https://doi.org/10.1039/an9527700321
Naito H, Kaplan A. High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Clin Chem Tor Princet. 1984; 1207-13.
Srivastava LM, Das N, Sinha S. Essentials of practical biochemistry. CBS Publishers; 2002.
Börner U, Szász G, Bablok W, Busch EW. A specific fully enzymatic method for creatinine: reference values in serum (author’s transl). J Clin Chem Clin Biochem Z Klin Chem Klin Biochem. 1979; 17(11):679-82. https://doi.org/10.1515/cclm.1979.17.11.683
Tiffany TO, Jansen JM, Burtis CA, Overton JB, Scott CD. Enzymatic kinetic rate and end-point analyses of the substrate, by use of a GeMSAEC fast analyzer. Clin Chem. 1972; 18(8):829-40. https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/18.8.829 PMid:5043271
Saka W, Akhigbe R, Popoola O, Oyekunle O. Changes in serum electrolytes, urea, and creatinine in aloe vera-treated rats. J Young Pharm JYP. 2012; 4(2):78-81. https://doi.org/10.4103/0975-1483.96620 PMid:22754258 PMCid: PMC3385221
Young DS. Effects of preanalytical variables on clinical laboratory tests. No Title. 1997.
Drury RAB, Wallington EA, Cameron SR. Carleton’s histological technique. London; 1967.
Wolvers D, Antoine JM, Myllyluoma E, Schrezenmeir J, Szajewska H, Rijkers GT. Guidance for substantiating the evidence for beneficial effects of probiotics: Prevention and management of infections by probiotics. J Nutr. 2010; 140(3):698S-712S. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.109.113753 PMid:20107143
Safitri N, Alaina MF, Pitaloka DAE, Abdulah R. A narrative review of statin-induced rhabdomyolysis: Molecular mechanism, risk factors, and management. Drug Health Patient Saf. 2021; 13:211-9. https://doi.org/10.2147/DHPS.S333738 PMid:34795533 PMCid: PMC8593596
Thompson PD, Clarkson PM, Rosenson RS. National Lipid Association Statin Safety Task Force Muscle Safety Expert Panel. An assessment of statin safety by muscle experts. Am J Cardiol. 2006; 97(8A):69C-76C. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2005.12.013 PMid:16581332
0.35
24
0.161