Journal of Natural Remedies

Management of Plaque Psoriasis through Ayurveda - A Clinical Case Study

Ugale Swati Dasharath — 2024-11-06

Psoriasis is an immune-mediated inflammatory disease that affects the skin and joints and is chronic, non-communicable, painful, disfiguring and disabling. The prevalence of psoriasis in countries ranges from 0.09% to 11.4%. The reported prevalence in India is 0.44 - 2.8%. Even though psoriasis was found long ago, its etiology and treatment are not affirmative. Psoriasis can be correlated to Ekakushtha based on the signs and symptoms described in the classical texts of Ayurveda. Many herbs have been mentioned in Ayurveda to treat psoriasis, however due to the disease’s complicated pathophysiology and relapsing nature, there is need to develop a multimodal treatment protocol. We report a case of plaque psoriasis in a female patient aged 18 in this article. The prescribed course of action was created in accordance with the Ayurvedic-samprapti (pathology). Therapeutic emesis after improving digestion power was done followed by internal medicine Patoladigana decoction, Tablet Arogyavardhinivati, Tablet Gandhakrasayana and Mahatiktaka ghee was given along with Ayyapal oil for topical application on patches. During treatment and 1 year after completion of treatment diet and lifestyle modifications were strictly followed by the patient. Compared to earlier allopathic treatment, the efficacy of the treatment was observed substantially sooner. After treatment, there was no recurrence. During treatment, the wholesome diet as a health promoter was important. Time to time photographic documentation was maintained during whole year of treatment. Ayurvedic external and internal treatment can help to rectify the intricate patho-physiology of persistent psoriasis.

A Case Study on the Therapeutic Efficacy of Suttigai (Thermal Cauterization) in the Management of Kaalani (Corn Foot)

R. Keerthika — 2024-11-06

A 45-year-old, moderately built female presented with complaints of a thickened layer of skin in the foot with severe pain for over three years. She was diagnosed to be affected by Corn foot which is equated to Kaalani in the Siddha system of medicine. Corn is a well-defined focal region of hyperkeratosis. As a result of repetitive mechanical stress from friction or pressure forces, corns are formed as thickened skin lesions. Suttigai is one of the treatment modalities indicated for Kaalani in Siddha. Uloga suttigai is superior among all suttigai procedures and an effective treatment for Kaalani which prevents recurrence was chosen to treat corn foot. A Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) was used for the criteria of assessment of pain. The patient was treated successfully by uloga suttigai with the total repair of corn without any unsightly scar or discoloration. No other complications and remissions were found.

Extracts of Selected Plants and Fruits Profoundly Modulate In Vitro Coagulation Activity

Adenike O. Oladokun — 2024-11-06

Background: Plant products treat many diseases and are an important resource for pharmaceutical companies developing new medicines. Hemostasis maintains blood in the fluid state and prevents its loss from damaged blood vessels. Plants have been reported to be sources of anticoagulant and antithrombotic substances and are employed in the management of coagulation disorders. Aim: This study investigates the effects of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of bitter leaves, mango leaves, drumstick leaves, pineapples and tomatoes on in vitro coagulation activity. Methods: Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of leaves of Mangifera indica, Moringa oleifera, Vernonia amygdalina, and fruits of Ananas comosus and Solanum lycopersicum were prepared using the cold maceration method and lyophilized. The freeze-dried extracts were prepared into four concentrations. Platelet-poor plasma was obtained from ten healthy volunteers. Prothrombin Time (PT) and activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT) were determined by visual detection of clot formation. The mean and standard deviation were determined and compared with the controls. Results: PT values for females were higher for aqueous and ethanolic extracts except for A. comosus. Female aPTT values were reduced compared to males except for V. amygdalina. There were no changes in PT and aPTT across the concentration gradient. PT control values significantly differ, however, there were no significant differences in aPTT control values between genders. This study revealed that PT and aPTT values differ significantly between genders. Conclusion: Mangifera indica and M. oleifera have procoagulant activity, A. comosus has anticoagulant activity, while V. amygdalina does not affect coagulation time.

Hepatoprotective Activity of Haritaki (Terminalia chebula Retz): A Systematic Review

Anjali Katore — 2024-11-06

Terminalia chebula Retz, also referred as Haritaki in Sanskrit, is a widely available plant distributed all over India. T. chebula has been widely acknowledged for its therapeutic qualities and application in treating several kinds of diseases. This plant is part of the Combretaceae family and serves a crucial role in maintaining a disease-free community. The hepatoprotective qualities of T. chebula are widely recognized. Consequently, published literature from “Pubmed, Scopus, Cochrane database, Google Scholar” up to 2023 was used in a systematic review. With a computer-based search engine, 115 Studies in total were looked up. In the present study, T. chebula’s hepatoprotective properties were investigated using PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane and other resources. Twelve studies that met the requirements were chosen after screening. To identify the various activities, T. chebula plant leaves, fruits, roots, and polymer were examined. This systematic review aimed to collect and analyze data on the efficacy of T. chebula as a hepatoprotective treatment from clinical trials, in vivo investigations, and in vitro experiments. The 12 studies that were chosen had significantly different study designs and results. The study concludes that T. chebula provides alternatives for several medical disciplines due to its hepatoprotective and diseaseprevention qualities.

A Comprehensive Review on the Role of Gymenma sylvestre in Combating Diabetes-2

S. M. Bhatt — 2024-11-06

The current review focuses on a detailed comprehensive role of Gymnema sylvestre (GS) and other herbs for their Ayurvedic impact in controlling blood sugar by releasing insulin from the pancreas in diabetic Type 2. G. sylvestre (GS) supplementation has also been seen to leave an impact on various cardiovascular risk factors and improves the lipid profile, blood pressure, anthropometric indices, and control of glycemia. Additionally, extracts of Gymnema have been shown to have an inhibitory impact on triglyceride accumulation in muscles and the liver, while reducing the buildup of fatty acids in the bloodstream, thus also reducing HB1C parameters. In the current review, we have also discussed information about Gymnemic acid structure isolation their sources, their clinical effects in diabetic control in Type 1 and Type 2, and clinical effects over the humans and mice signalling as immunomodulators.

Profiling of Mineral Content from Different Edible Flowers of West Bengal

Palash Mondal — 2024-11-06

Edible flowers have a good nutritional impact worldwide. West Bengal has a rich source of edible flowers consumed commonly. These flowers enhance the visual appeal of food and increase nutrient intake. This study aims to compare the mineral content of different edible flowers involving altogether forty-two species. This review focused on the various nutritional properties of various edible flowers based on several research performed until now. For maintaining good health and preventing various diseases minerals are required. Essential minerals (phosphorus, copper, potassium, calcium, zinc, sodium, iron, manganese and selenium) are present in edible flowers which are greatly beneficial for our bodies. Analytical techniques enable us to quantify the concentration of a particular mineral precisely. Potassium is the most abundantly found element in the flower of Oenothera biennis with a content of 7995 mg/100g followed by Calendula officinalis L. 7639mg/100g and Viola tricolor L. 7019mg/100g. This study concludes that it provides information based on the mineral content of these edible flowers and their potential role in the diet. Therefore, the mineral analysis study of these edible flowers can be helpful for future dietary recommendations.

Comparative Analysis of Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Potential of Ethanol Leaf Extracts of Psidium guajava and Syzygium jambos

Sandhya Kalathilparambil Santhosh — 2024-11-06

Background: Plant-based drugs for various human ailments are becoming very important in the current domain of therapeutics. Aim: Psidium guajava and Syzygium jambos are two such plant species known for their medicinal properties in traditional systems of medicine like Ayurveda. Methods: Phytochemical analysis including GCMS, and antioxidant studies (DPPH) was carried out for both plant extracts. Results: Comparative phytochemical analyses of ethanol extracts of both these plants have shown the existence of bioactive components like tannins, polyphenols, alkaloids, flavonoids and terpenoids. These phytochemicals were quantified and the ethanol extracts were subjected to GCMS analysis which showed the presence of cis-β-farnesene, cis-calamenene, copaene, humulene, caryophyllene, phytol, neophytadiene, n-hexadecanoic acid etc, many of which possess diverse properties like antimicrobial, antibiofilm, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. DPPH and reducing power assays revealed the excellent radical scavenging activity of the extracts. Conclusion: Among the two plants under the current study, S. jambos extract showed better results when compared to P. guajava concerning the antioxidant potential and the quantity of flavonoids, alkaloids, polyphenols and tannins present in the plant samples.

Pharmacognostical Study and Analytical Standardization of Bhringaraja Taila: An Ayurvedic Oleaginous Medicine

Pranav Kumar — 2024-11-06

Background: Bhringaraja Taila is an Ayurvedic classical formulation. The formulation is indicated as keshaya. The present study is structured around validating the fact of preparing the formulation with and without the addition of mineral (Gairika). Aim: The objectives of this study were to prepare and analyze Bhringaraja Taila. Method: After performing the murchanna samsakara, a specified amount of Drava, Kalka and Sneha dravyas were taken and subjected to moderate heating till the watery portion evaporated Bhringraja Taila prepared with and without Gairika. Results: The refractive index of Bhringraja Taila with and without the addition of Gairika was found to be decreased in both samples. The specific gravity and saponification values of both samples were found to be within the limit but slightly increased in the sample prepared with the addition of Gairika. The iodine value of both samples was found to be less than the limit. A decreased iodine value signifies less tendency toward rancidity. The acid value of both samples was found to be within the limit but more in the sample prepared with the addition of Gairika. The peroxide value of the sample prepared with the addition of Gairika was higher than the sample prepared without Gairika. Higher peroxide value indication of rancidity. The pH of the sample prepared with the addition of Gairika was found to be acidic and the sample prepared without the addition of Gairika was found to be basic. Conclusion: Thus considering the above fact it can be concluded that the formulation was prepared without mineral (Gairika) can be more stable but the therapeutic efficacy between the two formulation cannot be confirmed until and unless there is clinical validation.

Grewia asiatica: An In-depth Analysis of its Phytochemical Composition, Antioxidant Potency, and Implications in Cancer Therapeutics

Jitesh K. Jariwala — 2024-11-06

Background: Cancer is a global health issue, and natural medicinal plants like Grewia asiatica, also known as ‘Phalsa’, offer a promising alternative to synthetic medications due to their antipyretic, antidiabetic, analgesic, antibiotic, and antimicrobial properties. G. asiatica leaves possess a wide range of therapeutic actions like antipyretic, antidiabetic, antibiotic, and anticancer properties. Aim: This study aimed to explore the pharmacognostic characteristics, phytochemical composition, in vitro antioxidant activity, and anticancer potential of G. asiatica leaves. Methods: G. asiatica leaves, pharmacognostical, phytochemical and proximal analysis were carried out by standard qualitative and quantitative methods. The antioxidant activity was determined by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay whereas anticancer activity was determined using five different human cancer cell line (DU-145, MDA-MB-231, HT-29, SK-OV-3, A-549) by SRB assay. Results: The micromorphological evaluation of G. asiatica leaves revealed unique characteristics, aiding in species identification. Physicochemical parameters, including total ash and extractive values, assessed quality control. Preliminary phytochemical screening identified alkaloids, flavonoids, and glycosides. Quantitative analysis demonstrated a total phenolic content of 20.19 ± 1.34 mg gallic acid equivalent/g in EEGA, emphasizing its potential antioxidant properties. The total flavonoid content was 7.59 ± 0.71 mg rutin equivalent/g, further supporting the antioxidant potential. In vitro antioxidant assays, including DPPH and FRAP, confirmed EEGA’s strong scavenging activity and reducing power. In vitro cytotoxicity studies using five human cancer cell lines revealed minimal cytotoxic effects, with GI50 values exceeding 80 μg/mL. Conclusion: The study provides comprehensive insights into the micromorphological, phytochemical profile and antioxidant properties of G. asiatica leaves. While exhibiting promising antioxidant activity, further research is warranted to explore its anticancer potential at higher concentrations. The findings underscore the importance of G. asiatica leaves as a potential source of natural antioxidants and warrant further investigation for its role in cancer prevention and treatment.

Method Development and Validation of HPTLC Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Atropine, Piperine and Vasicine in Ayurvedic Formulation

Sanjay Yadav — 2024-11-06

Background: Dhumayoga, an Ayurvedic formulation is used for the management of respiratory disorders, including dyspnea and asthma. Aim: To develop and validate a High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) method for the simultaneous estimation of atropine, vaccine and piperine in Dhumayoga Ayurvedic formulation. Methods: The three biomarkers were resolved using precoated silica gel 60F₂₅₄ as stationary phase, dioxane: toluene: methanol: ethyl acetate: Aqueous ammonia (4:7:3:5:1v/v/v/v/v) as mobile phase and detected and quantified at 254nm. Results: The R_f values of atropine, vasicine, and piperine were found to be 0.406 ± 0.02, 0.56 ± 0.02, 0.87 ± 0.02, respectively. The calibration plot was linear in the range of 500-2500ng per zone with a correlation coefficient (r²) of atropine, vasicine and piperine was 0.994, 0.9986 and 0.9935, respectively. Conclusion: The developed method was applied for the quantitation of biomarkers in Dhumayoga. The method was validated in terms of linearity, precision, specificity, accuracy and robustness as per International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines.

Evaluation of Antidiabetic Activity of Indigofera prostrate on Normal and Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Albino Wistar Rats

Manjeera Kuchi — 2024-11-06

Background: Diabetes mellitus is an ailment that affects majority of individuals in the world. The objective of the current study is to estimate the antidiabetic effect of methanol extract of Indigofera prostrata whole plant, which is cultivated extensively in India’s arid and also desert regions. Aim: The aim of the current investigation is to estimate the efficacy of methanol extract of I. prostrata (MEIP) to prevent streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus in albino wistar strain rats. Methods: In current examination, methanol extracts of the whole plant of I. prostrata with the doses of 250 and 500mg/kg/b.wt (body weight) are administered through oral route to the streptozotocin made diabetic animals where n=6. We evaluated the differences in water intake, intake of food, glucose in fasting, weight of body and also the oral glucose tolerance test. When extract of I. prostrata was used for evaluating the (OGTT) Oral Glucose Tolerance Test for diabetic animals, levels of glucose were found to be pointedly lower when administered with 500 mg/kg b.wt as associated to the control group. I. prostrata had specifically reduced the elevated levels of glucose in diabetic rats. I. prostrata is a vital alternative source for managing blood glucose levels in diabetes mellitus that have increased during the condition and need to be further reduced by oral medications that cause hypoglycemia. Biochemical parameters were estimated as a part of the investigation. Results: The results demonstrated that the dried methanol extract of I. prostrata (250 mg/kg/bwt and 500 mg/kg/bwt) considerably declined the levels of blood glucose during the treatment period when compared to glibenclamide (10mg/kg), enhanced the metabolism, improved the health of animals and also enhanced the oral glucose tolerance test. Conclusion: As a result, we can conclude that the whole plant of I. prostrata methanol extract contains antidiabetic activity.

Formulation Development and Evaluation of Film Liquid Bandage Using Gallic Acid for Wound Healing

Sapna Desai — 2024-11-06

Background: Wound healing is a complex process requiring optimal tissue repair and regeneration conditions. Liquid bandages (L-bandages) offer an innovative approach to wound care by forming a protective film over wounds, aiding healing and preventing infections. Gallic Acid (GA), known for its anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties, is a promising natural agent for wound healing. Aim: This study aims to develop and evaluate a film-forming L- bandage incorporating GA for effective wound healing. Methods: Various formulations were prepared using film-forming agents such as xanthan gum, pectin gum and polyvinyl pyrrolidone, with GA as the active ingredient. The formulations were evaluated for physical properties, including pH, viscosity, drying time and film characteristics such as flexibility, washability, and stickiness. In vitro studies were conducted to assess skin permeation and drug retention. Results: The optimised formulation demonstrated desirable physical properties, including a pH of 5.6, appropriate viscosity and rapid drying time. The film was flexible, easily washable and exhibited minimal stickiness. In vitro permeation studies showed effective skin penetration and retention of GA, indicating its potential for sustained therapeutic action. Conclusion: The GA-based L- bandage showed promising results as a wound healing agent, offering a natural, effective solution for protecting and treating superficial skin injuries. The formulation’s favourable physical properties and drug delivery potential support its use as an innovative wound care product. Further studies are warranted to confirm its efficacy in clinical settings.

Method Development and Validation of Simultaneous Estimation of Lupeol, Diosgenin, Oleanolic Acid and Caffeic Acid in Ayurvedic Formulation by High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography

Janvi Patel — 2024-11-06

Background: Herbal remedies are widely used for wellness due to their reliability, perceived safety and cultural acceptance. Presently, HPTLC is used widely in quantifying phytoconstituents due to its affordability, efficiency, reduced mobile phase consumption and minimal sample clean-up. Aim: The goal of the current research was to develop and validate a fast, accurate HPTLC technique capable of concurrently estimating lupeol, diosgenin, oleanolic acid and caffeic acid in an Ayurvedic formulation. Method: The HPTLC method employed a silica gel G 60F₂₅₄ coated plate and a mobile phase of n-Hexane: Ethyl acetate: Methanol: Formic acid in 7.2:2:1:0.1, v/v/v/v. Diosgenin, lupeol and oleanolic acid, were derivatised with vanillin-sulphuric acid to enable detection at 449nm, 604nm and 540nm, respectively while caffeic acid was detected at 322nm. The method was validated through ICH Q2 (R2) standards, covering system suitability, linearity, accuracy, precision and robustness. Robustness was evaluated using a Fractional Factorial Design (FFD) of 2^4-1, investigating both high-level (+2) and low-level (-2) factors. Results: Linearity for lupeol, diosgenin, oleanolic acid and caffeic acid linearity ranged from 1000-5000 ng/band, with correlation coefficients (r²) of 0.9964, 0.9945, 0.9989 and 0.9997, respectively. Limits of both detection and quantification were determined for lupeol (95.26 and 288.68 ng/band), diosgenin (95.27 and 288.67 ng/band), Oleanolic Acid (OA) (91.66 and 277.77 ng/band), and Caffeic Acid (CA) (82.50 and 250 ng/band). Accuracy was evaluated using recovery methods, demonstrating satisfactory outcomes for lupeol 99.54−101.50 %, diosgenin 100.06−101.09 %, OA 99.89−101.09 % and CA 100.40−100.58 %. Precision study % RSD values were < 2%. The Rf values for lupeol, diosgenin, OA and CA were found to be 0.702, 0.525, 0.453 and 0.186, respectively. An FFD tested the HPTLC method’s robustness, showing no impact on lupeol and diosgenin retention factor, but n-Hexane volume significantly influenced OA and CA which is managed carefully. Conclusion: The proposed HPTLC techniques were discovered to be precise, accurate and reproducible. The statistical study demonstrates their consistent repeatability, making them equally appropriate for regular assessment of marketed formulations without prior separation.

Exploring the Anti-Diabetic Potential of Cichorium intybus through Integrated Network Pharmacology Analysis and Molecular Docking Validation

Ayesha Hena Afzal — 2024-11-06

Background: The major global health concern known as Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) ischaracterized by increased blood sugar level and insulin resistance. It is a common and complicated metabolic illness that needs to be understood from many angles in order to be predicted and treated effectively. Aim: Therefore, in his study, we aim to reveal the accurate and in-depth roots to predict the progression of diabetes and its management. Methods: A workable compound-target-pathway network pharmacology model and molecular docking studies were created by combining compound screening and target prediction. This model enabled researchers to systematically anticipate potential compounds and the mechanisms of Cichorium intybus anti-diabetic actions. Results: The results of the network pharmacology study were subsequently verified by using molecular docking, which effectively identified several active compounds of C. intybus and several targets that support anti-diabetes. For analytical purposes, four primary active chemicals are considered here: myricetin, cyanidin, quercitrin, and chicoric acid. These compounds act on targets such as alpha-amylase (1B2Y) and alpha-glucosidase (3W37). Here network pharmacology is used to build an interactive, complete network of genes relevant to diabetes, proteins, and pathways then validation is done through docking. Docking score of all 5 active compounds for both the targets alpha-glucosidase (PDB:3W37) and alpha-amylase (PDB:1B2Y) are considered. So, compound quercetin and cyanidin with both targets show the strongest binding affinities and interactions. Conclusion: Thus, this research successfully concludes the prediction of the active chemicals and targets of C. intybus for the treatment of diabetes. It offers fresh perspectives on the pharmacological and molecular foundations of C. intybus.

Evaluation of Antioxidant, Antibacterial and Antidiabetic Activity of Juglans regia Root Extract: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies

Methun Francis — 2024-11-06

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a long-term metabolic illness that occurs due to a malfunction in the production or action of insulin. Prolonged hyperglycemia may lead to dysfunction and failure of several organs, such as the diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy and neuropathy. The incidence of diabetes and the number of patients has consistently risen over the last several decades. Juglans regia, a member of the Juglandaceae family, has been used by practitioners of folklore to treat number of illnesses. Aim: To Evaluate the antioxidant and anti-bacterial effects of a root extract from Juglans regia in in vitro studies and anti-diabetic effect Streptozotocin (STZ) induced Wistar albino rats. Methods: Qualitative phytochemical analysis, antioxidant assay were done using DPPH, antibacterial assay have been performed by using agar well diffusion method and anti-diabetic effect tested by inducing rats with STZ followed by administering methanolic root extract of Juglans regia alone and with adjuvants metformin and glipalamide. Result: The root extract of Juglans regia can decrease free radicals, possess antibacterial property in agar well diffusion method and in in-vivo studies group 2 (diabetic control) showed elevated FBS and HbA1C from day 3 to day 28 while group 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 showed significant reduction in FBS and HbA1C levels at the end of study. Safety profiles such as CBC, RFT and LFT did not show any significant difference between the groups from baseline to end of the study. Thus, methanolic root extract of Juglans regia was safe and efficacious against STZ induced rats. Conclusion: Juglans regia can reduce hyperglycemia in STZ induced diabetic rats alone and can be used as an adjuvant to Metformin and Glibenclamide. Also, it possesses anti-oxidant and anti-bacterial activity in in vitro studies.

Standardisation and Antimicrobial Activity of Hedychium spicatum (Shati)

Aappa Sakharam Patil — 2024-11-06

Background: Hedychium spicatum Buch. Ham. (Zingiberaceae), also known as the spiked ginger lily, is a versatile herbal medicine used in traditional systems of medicine for its therapeutic properties. It has been used as an analgesic, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antispasmodic, Central Nerves System (CNS) depressant and for cytotoxic activities, fevers, pediculicidal and respiratory disorders. Aim: To standardise and evaluate the antimicrobial activity of H. spicatum (Shati). Method: A study was conducted to standardise the anti-microbial activity of H. spicatum (Shati). An extract was prepared using hydroalcoholic and organoleptic methods and physico-chemical analyses were performed. Results: It was discovered that High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) was more flexible than traditional Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) methods. The hydroalcoholic extracts inhibited good antimicrobial activity against all tested fungi and bacteria. The study concludes that the standardisation and potential antimicrobial activity of H. spicatum extracts against tested bacteria and fungi have been evaluated. Conclusion: Further investigation is needed to explore polyherbal formulations for infectious skin disorders.

Evaluation of Cardioprotective Activity of Corchorus aestuans L. Leaves

Carol Macwan — 2024-11-06

Background: The effectiveness of several medicinal herbs with antioxidant qualities in MI has been assessed and demonstrated. Corchorus aestuans L. is one such medicinal plant that has been shown to have hypocholesteremic and antioxidant properties. C. aestuans L. is also well-known for its bitter tonic, cardiotonic, and stomach relieving properties. Aim: In order to assess the impact of C. aestuans methanol extract against ISO-induced changes in myocardial enzymes, antioxidant status, and cardiac pathology in experimentally induced myocardial infarction, this study was conducted. Methods: Male wistar albino rats were used to create an Isoproterenol (ISO) induced Myocardial Infarction (MI) in order to study the possible cardiovascular preventative effects of the methanol extract of the medicinal plant C. aestuans. Six groups of eight animals each were created from the 180-250 g range of animals, and during the study, the animals in groups one (normal control) and two (model control) were given distilled water. Group three received ascorbic acid (250 mg/kg), while groups four to six received methanol extract of C. aestuans (MECA; 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg, respectively) once a day for 28 days. Animals in group’s two to six received the first dosage of ISO (100 mg/kg, S.C.) on day 27 and the second dose 24 hours later. Rats were anesthetized using chloroform, then their hearts were isolated and serum was collected. Twelve hours following the second large dose, the rats anesthetized, killed, and samples of their hearts and serum were taken. After the heart was cleaned with ice-cold saline, it was weighed. A histology study was conducted on heart tissue, while biochemical markers were analyzed in serum and heart homogenate. Results: When isoproterenol was administered, the concentrations of CK-MB (Creatinine Kinase - Myocardial Band), LDH (Lactate Dehydrogenase), and NA⁺ (Sodium) increased dramatically, but the concentrations of K+ (Potassium) and MDA (Malondialdehyde) dropped. The incidence of these alterations was dramatically decreased by ascorbic acid and MECA (Methanol extract of C. aestuans) treatment. Consequently, the cardioprotective effect can be explained by decreased levels of cardiac marker enzymes. Conclusion: MECA (50 mg / kg, 100 mg / kg and 150 mg /kg p.o. once for 28 days) attenuated serum enzymes and marker, increased tissue calcium and sodium levels, decreased potassium levels, and inhibited lipid peroxidation to significantly counteract the effect of experimentally induced MI.

Kalayanaka ghrita Ameliorates Okadaic Acid Induced Memory Deficits in Wistar Rats

Diddi Sneha Latha — 2024-11-06

Background: Alzheimer’s disease depicts the characteristic features of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles and extracellular amyloid plaques. Kalyanaka ghrita (KG) is an Ayurvedic formulation used to treat impaired learning and memory such as Manasmandata or Buddhimandyata. KG is traditionally used to enhance memory. The constituents present in KG are also reported to be memory-enhancing, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant and KG is reported to be effective in neurodegeneration in rats induced by β-amyloid. Aim: This study is aimed to validate the effect of KG on memory deficit, tauopathy and neurodegeneration induced by intracerebroventricular administration of okadaic acid. Methods: Okadaic acid was administered intracerebroventricularly on day 7 to the Wistar rats. KG was administered orally or intranasal from day 14 to 35 to the respective groups. The behavioural parameters on spatial memory, social recognition, and novel object recognition tests were determined. The molecular parameters such as brain acetylcholinesterase activity, protein phosphatase 2A, antioxidant parameters, monoamine levels and the brain histopathology were studied. Results: KG treatment significantly improved cognition, as evidenced by a decrease in escape latency, path length, and social and novel object recognition tests. KG treatment also increased the brain Protein phosphatase 2A, reversed the oxidative stress, and decreased brain acetylcholinesterase. The brain monoamines were reversed upon treatment with KG. Further, the molecular and histological studies confirmed the prevention of neuronal damage. Conclusion: These findings imply the traditional nootropic property of KG. The neuroprotective properties and decreased neurofibrillary tangles upon treatment with KG suggest KG to be a potential therapy for AD-like neurodegeneration.

Errata Title: Administration of Garlic Essential Oil Restored the Altered Enzymatic and Non-enzymatic Parameters and Pulmonary Histoarchitecture in Mice Subjected to Lead Nitrate

Surabhi Gupta — 2024-11-06

The focus of the current research work was to unfold the therapeutic potential of Garlic Essential Oil (GEO) in altered oxidative stress, biochemical parameters and histoarchitecture of pulmonary tissue of mice intoxicated with the inorganic salt of Lead. Thirty six (36) mice were used in the experiment, and they were divided into 6 groups, with 6 mice in each group. The experimental groups were as: control/untreated, Lead Nitrate (LN), LN + low dose of GEO, LN + high dose of GEO, LN with standard drug (silymarin) and LN with vehicle olive oil. The total duration of the experimental study was of 30 days. The outcome of the study showed downstream levels of SOD, CAT, GPx, GSH and TPC and upstream levels of LPO, total level of cholesterol, LDH, ADH and GGT. Toxicant exposure also de-structured the pulmonary tissue and on the other side both low and high doses of GEO, standard compound silymarin and vehicle olive oil improved the altered enzymatic and non-enzymatic parameters and re-structured the distorted pulmonary tissue to a greater extent. Thus, it is concluded that GEO plays a vital role in imparting protection to lung tissue from lead poisoning.

Advanced Scientific Application of Complex Herbal Remedy in Electro-Homeopathy

G. S. Taki — 2024-11-06

The basic physiological axiom of Electro-Homeopathy (EH) states that “Life is in Blood and Lymph”. Whenever the purity of blood or lymph or both is deviated by the pathogenic attack, the disease is created in human health. For faster recovery of the complex human body, 38 complex herbal medicines were invented by Count Cesar Mattei using Synergic mixture of Spagyrics of 114 selected plants. Considering the active principles of the constituting plants, the remedies are classified into nine groups. Applying suitable organ-specific EH complex remedy quickly achieves the normal state of blood and lymph by extinguishing pathogens using regenerated T and B lymphocytes. Essentially, the damaged immunity is recovered. Count Cesar Mattei is clinically tested and guided to use suitable organ-specific remedies for basic recovery. The groups of specific remedies and their medicinal properties have been precisely enlisted in various tables at subsequent section. To quickly achieve, a global and complete cure, Mattei advised to use of two or more remedies in alternation and succession. Accordingly, a scientifically designed table has been presented, in the result section, consisting of a set of Complex Remedies essentially needed for affected organs along with those remedies useful for the associated organs for successful recovery. Besides the affected organ, the associated organs and systems have been scientifically taken into consideration in the table. The set of remedies enlisted for clinical practice, includes general constitutional remedies, special comprehensive remedies to enhance the information of medicine propagation and recovery and, lastly, organ stimulant liquid electricity.

Harnessing Herbal Ingredients in Hair Cosmetics: A Natural Approach to Hair Care

Himeswar Sen — 2024-11-06

Hair plays a crucial role in the human body and it is imperative to uphold a healthy scalp. Various factors, including hormonal influences, age, gender, pollution, and food habits impact the hair. Herbal ingredients such as amla, hibiscus, brahmi, neem, saw palmetto etc are widely used to treat hair disorders such as premature hair loss, dandruff, and canities. Herbal ingredients may be used in hair shampoos, oils, tonics, serums, gels, conditioners etc. This article offers a detailed examination of the utilisation of natural components in hair care products, emphasising their importance and advantages in supporting scalp health, encouraging hair growth, and improving overall hair condition. It also reviews the sensory aspect and potential aromatherapy of herbal hair treatments. The article addresses the challenges and considerations related to herbal formulations, such as individual sensitivities, shelf life, and the need for transparency in labelling.