Food Availability in Households of Young Children (Upto 3 Years) in Three Tribal Villages of Odisha

Abstract

A one year study was undertaken in three tribal villages in Koraput district of Odisha, to understand the food availability situation in households of children upto three years. The study mapped the food items available in the households, their sources, seasonal variations and strategies for augmenting food supply. Eighty per cent of the households were small and marginal farmers. Fifty five food items were reported throughout the year and eight food sources. Major dependency for food was on agricultural land, public distribution system and markets while landless households also utilized community initiated grain banks. About 50% of households had ration cards. Rice was available throughout in all households. Ragi was available in more than 80% and 68% of households respectively for six months each. Lentil was available in 68 - 80% of households, throughout the year, but purchased from market, since pulse cultivation was not a viable proposition. Animal foods and fruits were consumed rarely. Drumstick leaf was available for 7 months in a year, while potatoes, onions and tomatoes purchased from market were available throughout. Small farmer households showed significantly higher number of food items. Maximum number of food items were available in winter, soon after harvest. There was no starvation. More than 50% of households reported availability of four food groups including animal food. Universal PDS, supply of ragi, a pulse and an essential oil through the PDS, alongwith livelihood initiatives and improved agricultural technologies are suggested policy measures for improving dietary diversity.