Risk factors and Maternal and Fetal Outcomes in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus at a Tertiary Care Center in Hyderabad - A Retrospective Study
Authors
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Department of Food Service Management and Dietetics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore - 641 043, Tamil Nadu ,IN
Asma Shaheen -
Department of Food Service Management and Dietetics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore - 641 043, Tamil Nadu ,INPremala Priyadarshini
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Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Fernandez Foundation, Hyderabad - 500 001, Telangana ,INLatha Sashi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21048/IJND.2024.61.3.33450Keywords:
Gestational diabetes mellitus, medical nutrition therapy, pharmacotherapy, macrosomia, polyhydramniosAbstract
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a common pregnancy disorder that affects both the mother and the child. The objective of the present study is to observe the risk factors for GDM and their impact on maternal and fetal outcomes in a tertiary care center in Hyderabad for a period of one year. Electronic medical records (demographic information, obstetric details, GDM management, and delivery outcomes) of women who delivered at study centers were retrieved retrospectively. The mothers were screened for GDM based on International Association of Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) criteria. The data collected was statistically analyzed by SPSS V.22. During the one-year study period, 30% (3197/10609) of the women were diagnosed with GDM. It was also found that GDM women had a significantly higher BMI prior to pregnancy, a greater mean age (29.9 ± 4.2 years) at the time of conception and higher education level than non-GDM women (P <0.001). The percentage of Cesarean delivery (53%), prevalence of macrosomia (2.63%), polyhydramnios (5.97%), and the mean birth weights (2.9 ± 0.52 vs. 2.85 ± 0.58) were all significantly greater (<0.001) in GDM women compared to non-GDM women. To conclude, multiple pregnancies, advanced maternal age, and being overweight may increase the risk of developing GDM, and these women may be more likely to deliver by cesarean section and have babies with greater birth weights. Hence, the study emphasizes early GDM screening of high-risk pregnancies and the importance of an individualized diet plan for a better outcome.
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