Fluid Inclusion Characteristics and Genesis of the Galonggema Cu-Polymetallic Deposit, Qing Hai, China
Authors
-
Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals, Ministryof Education, School of Geosciences and Info-physics, Central South University, Changsha ,CN
Chenguang Zhang -
Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals, Ministryof Education, School of Geosciences and Info-physics, Central South University, Changsha ,CNJianqing Lai
-
Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals, Ministryof Education, School of Geosciences and Info-physics, Central South University, Changsha ,CNBijun Wu
-
Qinghai Nonferrous Metals Geological Exploration Institute, Qinghai ,CNZongxue Zheng
-
Qinghai Nonferrous Metals Geological Exploration Institute, Qinghai ,CNAnyuan Wu
-
Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals, Ministryof Education, School of Geosciences and Info-physics, Central South University, Changsha ,CNWenbing Song
Keywords:
Fluid Inclusions, Ore-Forming Fluid, Galonggema, Deposit Genesis.Abstract
The Galongema Cu-polymetallic deposit located at the joint area between the Jinwulan-Jinshajiang suture zone and Ganzi-Litang suture zone in the Tibetan Plateau have experienced the ancient Tethyan tectonic evolution and the Himalayan orogeny and is characterized by excellent metallogenic conditions. Fluid inclusion study on the basis of identifying different ore-forming stages provides insight into the genesis of this deposit. According to fluid inclusion petrography, there are two types of fluid inclusions, namely aqueous liquid-vapor inclusions and CO2-bearing inclusions. There are two identified primary ore-forming events, namely an early-stage volcanic-sedimentary hydrothermal event(A) and a late-stagemoderatetemperature hydrothermal event (B) that caused extensive precipitation of sulfides. Primary fluid inclusion assemblages formed at stages A3, B1 and B2 have been identified in the Galonggema deposit. According to microthermometric analysis, fluid evolution of the Galonggema deposit was not continuous and the fluids at different stages had different physicochemical properties. Fluid inclusion study shows that the fluids responsible for the early-stage mineralization were derived from volcanic exhalative activities with involvement of significant sea water. In contrast, the fluids responsible for the late-stage mineralization were derived from a more recent magma and were mixed with low-salinity ground water. In terms of deposit characteristics and ore-forming process, the Galonggema deposit is distinguishable from typical volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits and the enrichment of ore-forming material was related to overprint of late hydrothermal alteration over a pre-existing sedimentary exhalative deposit. The tectonic evolution of the Galonggema deposit can be divided into three stages. The earliest stagewas represented by marine volcanic eruption that caused the early-stage volcanic-sedimentary (hydrothermal) mineralization. During the second stage, the Galonggema area experienced compression in NE-SW direction so that the strata were strongly folded to form an anticline with the volcanic vent as the centre. The latest stage represented moderate-temperature magmatic-hydrothermal mineralization related to emplacement of a late intermediate to felsic magma. The magmatic fluids that migrated up along the faulted belt superimposed the early-formed orebodies to form new mineralization and resulted in alteration of the country rock around the structural belt.
Downloads
Metrics
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
References
Brown, P. E. (1989): “FLINCOR: A microcomputer program for the reduction and investigation of fluid inclusion data.” American Mineralogist, 74(11-12): 1390-1393.
Dhahri, H., Boughamoura, A. and Ben, N. S. et al. (2003): “Forced heat transfer for pulsating flow in composite porous/fluid system.” International Journal of Heat and Technology, 20(2): 193-202.
Hou, Z. Q., Yang, Y. Q. and Qu, X. M. et al. (2004): “Tectonic evolution and mineralization systems of the Yidun arc orogen in Sanjiang region, China.” Acta Geologica Sinica, 78(1): 209-210.
Lai, J. Q., Chi, G. X. and Peng, S. L. et al. (2007): “Fluid evolution in the formation of the Fenghuangshan Cu-Fe-Au deposit, Tongling, Anhui, China.” Economic Geology, 102(5): 949-970.
Li, S. P., Pan, T. and Li, Y. X. et al. (2010): “Geochemistry of the Duocai ophiolite in north Qiangtang basin, Qinghai-Tibet plateau: environments for tectonics.” Chinese Geology, 37(6): 1592-1606.
Lu, H. Z., Fan, H. R. and Ni, P. et al. (2004): Fluid inclusions. Beijing, China: Science Press, 1-50.
Liu, Y. C., Hou, Z. Q. and Yang, Z. S. et al. (2010): “Fluid inclusion constraints on the origin of Dongmozhazhua Pb-Zn ore deposit, Yushu area, Qinghai Province.” Acta Petrologica Sinice, 26(6): 1805-1819.
Liu, Y. C., Hou, Z. Q. and Yang, Z. S. et al. (2010): “Fluid inclusion constraints on the origin of Dongmozhazhua Pb-Zn ore deposit, Yushu area, Qinghai Province.” Acta Petrologica Sinice, 26(6): 1805-1819.
Nizar, L. and Noureddine, B. (2007): “Heat and mass transfer during fluid evaporation in forced convection with variable thermophysical properties -Soret and dufour effects.” International Journal of Heat and Technology, 21(2): 75-81.
Xu, Z. Q., Yang, J. S. and Li, W. C. et al. (2013): “Paleo Tethys system and accretionary orogen in the Tibet Plateau,” Acta Petrologica Sinice, 29(6): 1847-1860.
Xue, Z. Z., Chun, W. X. and Tan, Z. L. (2012): “Study of the geological characteristics and melallogenetic model of Galonggema copper polymetallic deposit, Qinghai province.” Gold Science and Technology, 20(1): 66-70.
Yu, J. J., Hou, Z. Q. and Ming, Q. X. (2000): “Origin of high 18O ore-forming fluids in Gacun Kuroko deposit.” Acta Petrrologica Et Mineralogica, 19(4): 382-389.
Zeghbid, I. and Bessaih, R. (2015): “Mixed convection in lid-driven cavities filled with a nanofluid,” International Journal of Heat and Technology, 33(4): 77-84.
