Impact of Various Processes (Samskara) in Ayurvedic Pharmaceutics

Abstract

In Ayurveda pharmaceutics, herbal drugs, minerals, metals, and gems are used as raw materials. Most of the minerals and metals are obtained from the mines and hence there is every chance of impurities and heterogeneous qualities due to the mixing of various substances and impurities. Hence these minerals and metals have to undergo various samskaras (processes) before being converted into medicines from raw states and then subsequent use for internal administration. Due to these processes, the natural qualities of the drugs get modified and converted into new therapeutic properties. The present study is planned to identify some important processes of Rasashastra (Indian alchemy) and their impact on the physical, chemical and therapeutic properties of the final product. Conversion of a raw drug into medicinal form has a mammoth impact such as palatability, increased shelf life, feasibility during travelling, maintaining accurate dosing and ease of administration. Shodhana (detoxification) brings out physical, chemical and biological changes in the drug. Wet trituration modifies the analytical parameters of the drug which in turn facilitates the absorption process. Due to maranaa (incineration), toxic effects are nullified and drugs become therapeutically more effective. Thus, various processes described in Rasashastra show multidimensional pharmaceutical and therapeutical implications in Ayurvedic pharmaceutics.