Phyto Vesicular Drug Delivery System: A Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18311/jnr/2022/30831Keywords:
Herbal Extracts, Phospholipids, Phytoconstituents, Phyto Vesicular ComplexAbstract
Natural phytoconstituents face challenges in exploring the in vivo effect despite having enormous in vitro therapeutic potential because of their low solubility and large complicated structures. To get over these obstacles, the phyto vesicular combination comprising phytoconstituents and phospholipid complex is effective. This review offers details on the phyto-vesicular complex, including information on the types of phytoconstituents and phospholipids, solvents, ratios of phytoconstituents to phospholipids, and evaluation factors. The review compiles information on a few medicinal plants and their active ingredients, from which phytosomes are formulated and evaluated.
Downloads
Metrics
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 kinjal bera, Madhavi Patel (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Accepted 2022-12-15
Published 2022-12-16
References
Mahajan RT, Chaudhari GM. A Novel Approach Towards Phytosomal Flavonoids. Pharma Science Monitor. 2012; 3(4):2079-2105.
Pawar HA, Bhangale BD. Phytosome as a novel biomedicine: A microencapsulated drug delivery system. J Bioanal Biomed. 2015; 7(1):6-12.
Sravanthi M, Krishna JS. Phytosomes: A novel drug delivery for herbal extracts. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research. 2013; 4(3):949-59.
Chivte PS, Pardhi VS, Joshi VA, Rani A. A review on therapeutic applications of phytosomes. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics. 2017; 7(5):17-21. https://doi. org/10.22270/jddt.v7i5.1513 DOI: https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v7i5.1513
Gnananath K, Nataraj KS, Rao BG. Phospholipid complex technique for superior bioavailability of phytoconstituents. Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin. 2017; 7(1):35. https:// doi.org/10.15171/apb.2017.005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15171/apb.2017.005
Jain N, Gupta BP, Thakur N, Jain R, Banweer J, Jain DK, et al. Phytosome: a novel drug delivery system for herbal medicine. Int J Pharm Sci Drug Res. 2010; 2(4):224-8.
Rathore P, Swami G. Planterosomes: A potential phytophospholipid carriers for the bioavailability enhancement of herbal extracts. International Journal of pharmaceutical sciences and research. 2012; 3(3):737.
Lu M, Qiu Q, Luo X, Liu X, Sun J, Wang C, et al. Phytophospholipid complexes (phytosomes): A novel strategy to improve the bioavailability of active constituents. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2019; 14(3):265-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajps.2018.05.011 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajps.2018.05.011
Kareparamban JA, Nikam PH, Jadhav AP, Kadam VJ. Phytosome: a novel revolution in herbal drugs. IJRPC. 2012; 2(2):299-310.
Khar R, Chakraborthy G, Saurabh M. Phytosomes: a brief overview. Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2016; 15(2):56-62. https://doi.org/10.18579/ jpcrkc/2016/15/2/94471
Karimi N, Ghanbarzadeh B, Hamishehkar H, Keyvani F, Pezeshki A, Gholian MM. Phytosome and liposome: the beneficial encapsulation systems in drug delivery and food application. 2015.
Dhyani A, Juyal D. Phytosomes: An advanced herbal drug delivery system. Current Trends in Biomedical Engineering and Biosciences. 2017; 3(5):74-5.https://doi.org/10.19080/ CTBEB.2017.03.555621 DOI: https://doi.org/10.19080/CTBEB.2017.03.555621
Alharbi WS, Almughem FA, Almehmady AM, Jarallah SJ, Alsharif WK, Alzahrani NM, et al. Phytosomes as an emerging nanotechnology platform for the topical delivery of bioactive phytochemicals. Pharmaceutics. 2021; 13(9):1475. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13091475 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13091475
Jain PK, Kharya M, Gajbhiye A. Pharmacological evaluation of mangiferin herbosomes for antioxidant and hepatoprotection potential against ethanol induced hepatic damage. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy. 2013; 39(11):1840-50. https://doi.org/10.3109/03639045.2 012.738685 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3109/03639045.2012.738685
Jain PK, Khurana N, Pounikar Y, Gajbhiye A, Kharya MD. Enhancement of absorption and hepatoprotective potential through soya-phosphatidylcholine-andrographolide vesicular system. Journal of liposome research. 2013; 23(2):110-8. https://doi.org/10.3109/08982104.2012.753456 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3109/08982104.2012.753456
Telange DR, Patil AT, Pethe AM, Fegade H, Anand S, Dave VS. Formulation and characterization of an apigeninphospholipid phytosome (APLC) for improved solubility, In vivo bioavailability, and antioxidant potential. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2017; 108:36-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2016.12.009 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2016.12.009
Anthrayose A, George N. Formulation and evaluation of phytosomal nanocarriers for enhanced chrysin delivery. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2018; 7(19):1026-41.
Maiti K, Mukherjee K, Gantait A, Saha BP, Mukherjee PK. Curcumin-phospholipid complex: preparation, therapeutic evaluation and pharmacokinetic study in rats. International Journal of Pharmaceutics. 2007; 330(1-2):155-63. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.09.025 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.09.025
Freag MS, Elnaggar YS, Abdallah OY. Lyophilized phytosomal nanocarriers as platforms for enhanced diosmin delivery: optimization and ex vivo permeation. International journal of nanomedicine. 2013; 8:2385. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S45231 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S45231
Udapurkar PP, Bhusnure OG, Kamble SR. Diosmin Phytosomes: development, optimization and physicochemical characterization. Indian J Pharm Educ Res. 2018; 52:S29-S36.https://doi.org/10.5530/ijper.52.4s.73 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5530/ijper.52.4s.73
Li L, Liu Y, Xue Y, Zhu J, Wang X, Dong Y. Preparation of a ferulic acid-phospholipid complex to improve solubility, dissolution, and B16F10 cellular melanogenesis inhibition activity. Chemistry Central Journal. 2017; 11(1):1-8. https:// doi.org/10.1186/s13065-017-0254-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13065-017-0254-8
Pratap SR, Gangadharappa H, Mruthunjaya K. Formulation and Evaluation of Phytosome Loaded Drug Delivery of Gingerol for the treatment of respiratory infection. Journal of Innovation in Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2018; 2(2):1-6.
Kalita B, Patwary BN. Formulation and In vitro Evaluation of Hesperidin-Phospholipid Complex and its Antioxidant Potential. Current Drug Therapy. 2020; 15(1):28-36. https://doi.org/10.2174/1574885514666190226155933 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2174/1574885514666190226155933
Zhang K, Gu L, Chen J, Zhang Y, Jiang Y, Zhao L, et al. Preparation and evaluation of kaempferol-phospholipid complex for pharmacokinetics and bioavailability in SD rats. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis. 2015; 114:168-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2015.05.017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2015.05.017
Telange DR, Patil AT, Pethe AM, Tatode AA, Anand S, Dave VS. Kaempferol-phospholipid complex: formulation, and evaluation of improved solubility, In vivo bioavailability, and antioxidant potential of kaempferol. Journal of Excipients and Food Chemicals. 2016; 7(4):1174.
Singh RP, Narke R. Preparation and evaluation of phytosome of lawsone. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (IJPSR). 2015; 6(12):5217-26.
Hindarto CK, Surini S, Saputri FC, Irawan C. In vivo evaluation of luteolin-loaded phytosome. J Pharm Innov. 2017; 6:347-9.
Sabzichi M, Hamishehkar H, Ramezani F, Sharifi S, Tabasinezhad M, Pirouzpanah M, et al. Luteolinloaded phytosomes sensitize human breast carcinoma MDA-MB 231 cells to doxorubicin by suppressing Nrf2 mediated signalling. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention. 2014; 15(13):5311-6.https://doi.org/10.7314/ APJCP.2014.15.13.5311 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2014.15.13.5311
Sikarwar MS, Sharma S, Jain AK, Parial S. Preparation, characterization and evaluation of marsupsin-phospholipid complex. Aaps Pharmscitech. 2008; 9(1):129-37. https:// doi.org/10.1208/s12249-007-9020-x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1208/s12249-007-9020-x
Manral K, Singh AK, Sah V. Development and characterization of morin loaded phytosomes for its anti-oxidant activity. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics. 2019; 9(4):30-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i4-A.3420
Li Y, Yang D-J, Chen S-L, Chen S-B, Chan AS-C. Comparative physicochemical characterization of phospholipids complex of puerarin formulated by conventional and supercritical methods. Pharmaceutical research. 2008; 25(3):563-77. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11095-007-9418-x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11095-007-9418-x
Rasaee S, Ghanbarzadeh S, Mohammadi M, Hamishehkar H. Nano phytosomes of quercetin: A promising formulation for fortification of food products with antioxidants. Pharmaceutical sciences. 2014; 20(3):96-101.
Kalita B, Das MK, Sarma M, Deka A. Sustained anti-inflammatory effect of resveratrol-phospholipid complex embedded polymeric patch. Aaps Pharmscitech. 2017; 18(3):629-45. https://doi.org/10.1208/s12249-016-0542-y DOI: https://doi.org/10.1208/s12249-016-0542-y
Huang J, Chen PX, Rogers MA, Wettig SD. Investigating the phospholipid effect on the bioaccessibility of rosmarinic acid-phospholipid complex through a dynamic gastrointestinal In vitro model. Pharmaceutics. 2019; 11(4):156. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics11040156 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics11040156
Hooresfand Z, Ghanbarzadeh S, Hamishehkar H. Preparation and characterization of rutin-loaded nanophytosomes. Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2015; 21(3):145-51. https://doi.org/10.15171/PS.2015.29 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15171/PS.2015.29
Maryana W, Rachmawati H, Mudhakir D. Formation of phytosome containing silymarin using thin layer-hydration technique aimed for oral delivery. Materials today: proceedings. 2016; 3(3):855-66.https://doi.org/10.1016/j. matpr.2016.02.019 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2016.02.019
Ittadwar PA, Puranik PK. Novel umbelliferone phytosomes: development and optimization using experimental design approach and evaluation of photo-protective and antioxidant activity. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2017; 9:218-28. https://doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2017v9i1.14635 DOI: https://doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2017v9i1.14635
Telange DR, Nirgulkar SB, Umekar MJ, Patil AT, Pethe AM, Bali NR. Enhanced transdermal permeation and antiinflammatory potential of phospholipids complex-loaded matrix film of umbelliferone: Formulation development, physico-chemical and functional characterization. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2019; 131:23-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2019.02.006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2019.02.006
Biswas S, Mukherjee PK, Harwansh RK, Bannerjee S, Bhattacharjee P. Enhanced bioavailability and hepatoprotectivity of optimized ursolic acid-phospholipid complex. Drug development and industrial pharmacy. 2019; 45(6):946-58. https://doi.org/10.1080/03639045.2019.1583755 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03639045.2019.1583755
Upadhyay K, Gupta NK, Dixit VK. Development and characterization of phyto-vesicles of wedelolactone for hepatoprotective activity. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy. 2012; 38(9):1152-8. https://doi.org/10.3109/03639045.2011.643892 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3109/03639045.2011.643892
Sahu A. Development and characterization of hepatoprotective phytosomes of Abutilon indicum and Piper longum. International Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences. 2015; 5(4):97-106.
Rathee S, Kamboj A. Optimization and development of antidiabetic phytosomes by the Box-Behnken design. Journal of Liposome Research. 2018; 28(2):161-72. https://doi.org/10.1080/08982104.2017.1311913 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/08982104.2017.1311913
Habbu P, Madagundi S, Kulkarni R, Jadav S, Vanakudri R, Kulkarni V. Preparation and evaluation of Bacopaphospholipid complex for antiamnesic activity in rodents. Drug invention today. 2013; 5(1):13-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dit.2013.02.004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dit.2013.02.004
Karole S, Gupta G. Preparation and evaluation of phytosomes containing ethanolic extract of leaves of Bombax ceiba for hepatoprotective activity. Evaluation. 2019; 6(2):1-5.
Dhase AS, Saboo SS. Preparation and evaluation of phytosomes containing methanolic extract of leaves of Aegle marmelos (bael). International Journal of PharmTech Research. 2015; 8(6):231-40.
Ferrara T, De Vincentiis G, Di Pierro F. Functional study on Boswellia phytosome as complementary intervention in asthmatic patients. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2015; 19(19):3757-62.
Sahu AR, Bothara SB. Formulation and evaluation of phytosome drug delivery system of Boswellia serrata extract. Int J Res Med. 2015; 4(2):94-9.
Anwar E, Farhana N. Formulation and evaluation of phytosome-loaded maltodextrin-gum Arabic microsphere system for delivery of Camellia sinensis extract. Journal of young pharmacists. 2018; 10(2s):S56. https://doi.org/10.5530/jyp.2018.2s.11 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5530/jyp.2018.2s.11
Amudha S, Manna PK, Jeganathan N. Formulation and evaluation of capsules of Syzygium cumini phytosomes. J Pharm Sci Innov. 2018; 7(3).https://doi.org/10.7897/2277- 4572.07384 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7897/2277-4572.07384
Ho PJ, Sung JJ, Cheon KK, Tae HJ. Anti-inflammatory effect of Centella asiatica phytosome in a mouse model of phthalic anhydride-induced atopic dermatitis. Phytomedicine. 2018; 43:110-9.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2018.04.013 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2018.04.013
Udapurkar PP, Bhusnure OG, Kamble SR. Development and Characterization of Citrus Limon-phospholipid Complex as an Effective Phytoconstituent Delivery System. International Journal of Life Science & Pharma Research. 2018; 8.
Direito R, Reis C, Roque L, Gonçalves M, Sanches-Silva A, Gaspar MM, et al. Phytosomes with persimmon (Diospyros kaki l.) extract: Preparation and preliminary demonstration of In vivo tolerability. Pharmaceutics. 2019; 11(6):296. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics11060296 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics11060296
Panda VS, Naik SR. Cardioprotective effect of a chronic treatment of Ginkgo biloba Phytosomes in isoproterenol- induced cardiac necrosis in rats: Involvement of antioxidant system. J Phytopharmacol. 2014; 3:222-3. https://doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2014.3401 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2014.3401
El-Menshawe SF, Ali AA, Rabeh MA, Khalil NM. Nanosized soy phytosome-based thermogel as topical anti-obesity formulation: an approach for acceptable level of evidence of an effective novel herbal weight loss product. International Journal of Nanomedicine. 2018; 13:307. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S153429 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S153429
Damle M, Mallya R. Development and evaluation of a novel delivery system containing phytophospholipid complex for skin aging. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2016; 17(3):607-17. https://doi.org/10.1208/s12249-015-0386-x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1208/s12249-015-0386-x
Arora S, Sharma A, Kaur P. Preparation and characterization of phytosomal-phospholipid complex of P. amarus and its tablet formulation. Journal of Pharmaceutical Technology, Research and Management. 2013; 1(1):1-18. https://doi.org/10.15415/jptrm.2013.11001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15415/jptrm.2013.11001
Shalini S, Kumar RR, Birendra S. Terminalia arjuna bark on Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines (MCF-7). Int J Drug Dev & Res. 2015; 7(1):0975-9344.
Varma K, Vishwakarma G, Pathak R. Extraction phytochemical screening and development of phytosomes of hydroalcoholic extract of Terminalia chebula Retz for hepetoprotection. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics. 2019; 9(3):397-406.
El-Gazayerly O, Makhlouf A, Soelm A, Mohmoud M. Antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of silymarin phytosomes compared to milk thistle extract in CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Journal of Microencapsulation. 2014; 31(1):23-30. https://doi.org/10.3109/02652048.2013.8058 36 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3109/02652048.2013.805836
Sasongko RE, Surini S, Saputri FC. Formulation and characterization of bitter melon extract (Momordica charantia) loaded phytosomes. Pharmacognosy Journal. 2019; 11(6). https://doi.org/10.5530/pj.2019.11.192 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5530/pj.2019.11.192
Pereira A, Mallya R. Formulation and evaluation of a photoprotectant cream containing Phyllanthus emblica extract-phospholipid complex. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 2015; 4(2).