Effect of Residents’ Attitude on their Perceived Effects of Tourism and Support for Sustainable Tourism
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18311/sdmimd/2024/32819Keywords:
Perceived Effects of Tourism, Residents’ Attitudes, Resident Support, Sustainable Tourism, Tourism DevelopmentAbstract
Amidst sustainable tourism gaining momentum globally, the present study analyses the effect of perceived positive and negative effects of tourism on the support for sustainable tourism among the resident community at an internationally renowned responsible tourism destination, Kumarakom in Kerala. Data collected through a structured questionnaire from 276 respondents residing in and around the destination was used for analysis. Based on a comprehensive review, a theoretical model depicting the relationship between the variables of interest was developed for empirical validation. Appropriate constructs for the model were identified through Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). Then, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was performed to evaluate the measurement model validity. Structural Equation Modelling employing the Partial Least Squares (PLS) method was applied to test the hypothesized model. The study established a significant effect of residents’ perception of the positive and negative effects of responsible tourism on their support for tourism development. The study provided evidence for the negative effect on residents’ perception of the adverse effects of tourism on support for tourism development. The study provides essential inputs for planners and policymakers in realigning sustainable tourism initiatives in such a way as to garner the support of the resident community. It also empirically validates a theoretical model outlining how the perception of residents on the positive and negative effects of tourism influences their support for sustainable tourism.
Downloads
Metrics
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 T. Biju, Biju Gopal, A. D. Rajeev Kumar, Sanu F
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
References
Agüera, F., Castellanos-Verdugo, M., Guzmán, J., Cobeña, M., Oviedo-García, M. (2020). The mediating effects of community support for sustainable tourism, community attachment, involvement, and environmental attitudes. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Research, 7(46), 1298-321. https://doi.org/10.1177/1096348020980126 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1096348020980126
Akay, B. (2022). The relationship between tourism development, satisfaction, support to tourism and tourism entrepreneurship in an emerging tourism destination: Residents’ perspective. Journal of Tourism Management Research, 9(1), 64-81. https://doi. org/10.18488/31.v9i1.3078 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18488/31.v9i1.3078
Al-Hanakta, R., Hossain, M., Pataki, L., & Dunay, A. (2023). Eco-innovation influence on business performance in Jordanian micro, small and medium enterprises operating in the food processing sector. Plos One, 2(18), e0281664. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0281664 PMid:36791057 PMCid:PMC10045584 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0281664
Andereck, K. L., & Vogt, C. A. (2000). The relationship between residents’ attitudes toward tourism and tourism development options. Journal of Travel Research, 39(1), 27–37. https://doi.org/10.1177/004728750003900104 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/004728750003900104
Ap, J., & Crompton, J. L. (1998). Developing and testing a tourism impact scale. Journal of Travel Research, 37(2), 120 – 30. https://doi.org/10.1177/004728759803700203 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/004728759803700203
Bajrami, D., Radosavac, A., Cimbaljević, M., Tretiakova, T., & Syromiatnikova, Y. (2020). Determinants of residents’ support for sustainable tourism development: Implications for rural communities. Sustainability, 12(22), 9438. https://doi.org/10.3390/su1222 9438 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12229438
Barclay, D., Thompson, R., & Higgins, C. (1995). The Partial Least Squares (PLS) approach to causal modelling: Personal computer uses as an illustration. Technology Studies, 2.
Basheer, K. P. M. (2013). Taking Stock of India’s First Responsible Tourism Initiative. Posted on June 26, 2013. Retrieved from: www.thehindubusinessline.com/ news/taking-stock-of-Indias-first-responsible-tourisminitiative/ article23115537.ece
Belisle, F. J., & Hoy, D. R. (1980). The Perceived impact of tourism by residents: A case study in Santa Marta, Colombia. Annals of Tourism Research, 7(1), 83-101. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(80)80008-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(80)80008-9
Bentler, P., & Bonett, D. (1980). Significance tests and goodness-of-fit in analysis of covariance structures. Psychological Bulletin, 88, 588–606. https://doi. org/10.1037/0033-2909.88.3.588 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037//0033-2909.88.3.588
Butcher, J. (1997). Sustainable development or development? In M. J. Stabler, (ed). Tourism and Sustainability: Principles to Practice (27–38). New York: CAB International.
Choi, H. S. C., & Sirakaya, E. (2005). Measuring residents’ attitude toward sustainable tourism: Development of sustainable tourism attitude scale. Journal of travel research, 43(4), 380-94. https://doi. org/10.1177/0047287505274651 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287505274651
Chubchuwong, M., Beise-Zee, R., & Speece, M. (2014). The effect of nature-based tourism, destination attachment and property ownership on environmentalfriendliness of visitors: A study in Thailand. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 6(20), 656-79. https://doi. org/10.1080/10941665.2014.925482 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2014.925482
Davis, D., Allen, J., & Cosenza, R. (1988). Segmenting residents by their attitudes, interests, and opinions toward tourism. Journal of Travel Research, 27(3), 2–8. https://doi.org/10.1177/004728758802700201 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/004728758802700201
Dimitriou, C. K. (2017). The quest for a practical approach to mortality and tourism. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 31, 45-51. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2016.08.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2016.08.001
Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A. G., & Buchner, A. (2007). G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioural, and biomedical sciences. Behavioural Research Methods, 39(2) 175-91. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03193146 PMid:17695343 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03193146
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50. https://doi. org/10.1177/002224378101800104 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800104
Fredline, E., & Faulkner, B. (2000). Host community reactions- A cluster analysis. Annals of Tourism Research, 27(3), 763–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/ S0160-7383(99)00103-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(99)00103-6
Garson, G. D. (2016). Partial Least Squares Regression & Structural Model. Asheboro, NC: Statistical Associates Publishers.
Goodwin, H. (2008). Advances in responsible tourism. ICRT Occasional Paper No. 8. International Centre for Responsible Tourism. Leeds Metropolitan University. Goodwin, H. (2019). Responsible tourism in India. Retrieved from: https://news.wtm.com/category/ responsible-tourism/Jan.21 Accessed on Jan. 30, 2019.
Gunn, C. A. (1994). Tourism Planning: Basics, Concepts, Cases (3rd Ed.). Taylor and Francis.
Gursoy, D., & Rutherford, D. G. (2004). Host attitudes toward tourism: An improved structural model. Annals of Tourism Research, 31(3), 495–516. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.annals.2003.08.008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2003.08.008
Gursoy, D., Jurowski, C., & Uysal, M. (2002). Resident attitudes: A structural modelling approach. Annals of Tourism Research, 29(1), 79–105. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(01)00028-7
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2014). A primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) (1 ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Hall, M. C. (1994). Tourism in the Pacific Rim. Melbourne: Longman House, 165-16. Henseler, J. & Sarstedt, M. (2013). Goodness-of-fit indices for partial least squares path modelling. Computational Statistics, 28(2), 565-80. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s00180-012-0317-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00180-012-0317-1
Henseler, J., Dijkstra, T. K., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., Diamantopoulos, A., Straub, D. W., Ketchen, D. J., Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., & Calantone, R. J. (2014). Common beliefs and reality about partial least squares: Comments on Rönkkö and Evermann (2013), Organizational Research Methods, 17(2), 182- 209. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428114526928 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428114526928
Hoyle, R. H. (1999). Statistical strategies for small sample research. New York, NY: Sage
Hu, L.-t., & Bentler, P. M. (1998). Fit indices in covariance structure modelling: Sensitivity to under-parameterized model misspecification. Psychological Methods, 3(4), 424-53. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.3.4.424 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037//1082-989X.3.4.424
Hulland, J. (1999). Use of Partial Least Squares (PLS) in strategic management research: A review of four recent studies. Strategic Management Journal, 20, 195-204. https://doi.org/10.1002/ (SICI)1097-0266(199902)20:2%3C195::AIDSMJ13% 3E3.0.CO;2-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(199902)20:2<195::AID-SMJ13>3.0.CO;2-7
Jamieson, W., & Jamal, T. (1997). Tourism planning and destination management. In C. Gee and E. Fayos-Sola (Eds.) International Tourism: A Global Perspective, edited by. Madrid, Spain: World Tourism Organization, 321–37.
Janadari, M. P. N., Sri Ramalu, S., & Chuah, C. W. (2018). Measurement of organizational citizenship behaviour; reliability and validity in Sri Lankan context. Kelaniya Journal of Human Resource Management, 13(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.4038/kjhrm.v13i1.45 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4038/kjhrm.v13i1.45
Jurowski, C., Uysal, M., & Williams, D. R. (1997). A theoretical analysis of host community resident reactions to tourism. Journal of Tourism Research, 36(3), 3-11. https://doi.org/10.1177/004728759703600202 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/004728759703600202
Khan, M. M. (1997). Tourism development and dependency theory: mass tourism vs. ecotourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 24(4), 988-91. https://doi.org/10.1016/ S0160-7383(97)00033-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(97)00033-9
King, B., Pizam A., & Milman A. (1993). Social impacts of tourism: Host perceptions. Annals of Tourism Research, 20(4), 650-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160- 7383(93)90089-L DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(93)90089-L
Kline, R. B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modelling, 2nd ed. In Principles and practice of structural equation modelling, 2nd ed. Guilford Press.
Ko, D.-W., & Stewart, W. P. (2002). A structural equation model of residents’ attitudes for tourism development. Tourism Management, 23(5), 521–30. https://doi. org/10.1016/S0261-5177(02)00006-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(02)00006-7
Kock, N & Lynn, G. S. (2012). Lateral collinearity and misleading results in variance-based SEM: An illustration and recommendations. Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 13(7), 546-80. https://doi.org/10.17705/1jais.00302 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17705/1jais.00302
Kodaş, D., ARICA, R., Neşe, K., & Duman, F. (2022). Relationships between perceptions of residents toward tourism development, benefits derived from tourism and support for tourism. Journal of Tourismology, 8(2), 255-80.
Lindström, K. (2020). Ambivalence in the evolution of a community-based tourism sharing concept: A public governance approach. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 3(20), 302-15. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/15022250.2020.1786455 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15022250.2020.1786455
Liu, J. C., & Var, T. (1986). Residents’ attitudes towards tourism impacts in Hawaii. Annals of Tourism Research, 13(2), 193-214. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160- 7383(86)90037-X DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(86)90037-X
Liu, J., Sheldon, P. & Var, T. (1987). A cross-national approach to determining resident perceptions of the impact of tourism on the environment. Annals of Tourism Research, 14(1), 17-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160- 7383(87)90045-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(87)90045-4
Lohmöller, J.-B. (1989). Latent variable Path Modeling with Partial Least Squares. Springer-Verlag, New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-52512-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-52512-4
Long, P. T., Perdue, R. R., & Allen, L. (1990). Rural resident tourism perceptions and attitudes by community level of tourism. Journal of Travel Research, 28(3), 3-9. https://doi.org/10.1177/004728759002800301 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/004728759002800301
Miller, R. B., & Wichern, D. W. (1977). Intermediate business statistics: Analysis of variance, regression, and time series. New York, NY: Holt, Rihehart and Winston.
Milman, A., & Pizam, A. (1988). Social impacts of tourism on central Florida. Annals of Tourism Research, 15(2), 191–204. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160- 7383(88)90082-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(88)90082-5
Murphy, P. E. (1985). Tourism: A Community Approach. New York: Methuen.
Nazneen, S., Xu, H., & Din, N. (2019). Cross‐border infrastructural development and residents’ perceived tourism impacts: A case of China–Pakistan economic corridor. Int J Tourism Res, 3(21), 334-43. https://doi. org/10.1002/jtr.2264 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2264
Ngan, N., Omar, S., & Ngoc, H. (2022). Local perceptions towards the environmental impact of tourism on the Chàm Islands, Vietnam. Planning Malaysia, (20). https://doi.org/10.21837/pm.v20i23.1174 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21837/pm.v20i23.1174
Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric Theory. McGraw, New York.
Pizam, A. (1978). Tourism’s impacts: The social costs to the destination community as perceived by its residents. Journal of Travel Research, 20, 7-10. https://doi. org/10.1177/004728758202000302 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/004728758202000302
Ramayah, T., Lee, J. W. C. & In, J. B. C. (2011). Network collaboration and performance in the tourism sector. Service Business, 5, 411–28. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s11628-011-0120-z DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11628-011-0120-z
Ritchie, B. W. & Inkari, M. (2006). Host community attitudes toward tourism and cultural tourism development: The case of the Lewes District, Southern England. International Journal of Tourism Research, 8(1), 27-44. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.545 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.545
Ross, G. (1992). Resident perceptions of the impact of tourism on an Australian City. Journal of Travel Research, Winter, 13-17. https://doi. org/10.1177/004728759203000302 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/004728759203000302
Rothman, R. A. (1978). Residents and transients: Community reactions to seasonal visitors. Journal of Travel Research, 16, 8-13. https://doi. org/10.1177/004728757801600303 Russo, A. P. (2001). The “vicious circle” of tourism development in heritage cities. Annals of Tourism Research, 29(1), 165-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/ S0160-7383(01)00029-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/004728757801600303
Sirakiya E., Teye V., & Sonmez S. (2002). Tourism’s Impact on Host Lifestyle Realities. In Tourism, the State of the Art, edited by A. V. Seaton. NewYork: John Wiley, pp. 826-35.
Sanuja, K., & Joseph, S. (2022). Economic empowerment and satisfaction of Kerala women through responsible tourism entrepreneurship. IIHS, 11837-11850. https:// doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v6nS3.8943 DOI: https://doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v6nS3.8943
Sariskumar, N., & Thangamani B. (2018). The impact of responsible tourism on destination sustainability and quality of life in Passikudah tourism destination. International Journal of Social Science and Economic Research, 03(11), 5933-59.
Seal, P., Seal, P., Hansen, P., & Piramanayagam, S. (2021). Stakeholder-based conjoint analysis for branding wellness tourism in Kerala, India. Asia-Pac J Reg Sci, 1(6), 91-111. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41685-021- 00218-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41685-021-00218-3
Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2010). Research methods for business: A skill-building approach (5th ed.). Haddington: John Wiley & Sons.
Sheldon P., & Var T. (1984). Resident attitudes to tourism in North Wales. Tourism Management, 5(1), 40-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/0261-5177(84)90006-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0261-5177(84)90006-2
Sirakiya E., Teye V., & Sönmez S. (2002). Understanding residents’ support for tourism development in the central region of Ghana. Journal of travel research, 41(1), 57-67. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287502041001007 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287502041001007
Statista.com. (2022). Global travel and tourism industry - Statistics & Facts. Statista Research Department, Mar. 1, 2022. https://www.statista.com/topics/962/globaltourism/
Sudheer, B. (2015). The economic and cultural impact of responsible tourism initiative in Kerala- A case study of Kumarakom Panchayath. UGC Unpublished Minor Research Project. http://www.sncollegecherthala.in/ research%5Csudheer.pdf
Um, S., & Crompton, J. (1987). Measuring resident’s attachment levels in a host community. Journal of Travel Research, 26(2), 27–9. https://doi. org/10.1177/004728758702600105 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/004728758702600105
Vinzi, V. E., Chin, W. W., Henseler, J., & Wang, H. (2010). The handbook of partial least square: concepts, methods, and applications. Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
Williams, A. (2010). Mass tourism, culture, and the historic city: Theoretical perspectives. Rivista Di Scienze Del Turismo, 1(2).