A 28-Day Repeated Dose Toxicity Evaluation of Creatinine Monohydrate and β-Hydroxy β-Methyl Butyrate Combination in Rodent Model

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Authors

  • Shivaramakrishnan Balasubramanian
     Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, Nilgiris - 643001, Tamil Nadu ,IN
  • Kavitha Giridharan
     Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, Nilgiris - 643001, Tamil Nadu ,IN
  • K. D. Kavya
     Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, Nilgiris - 643001, Tamil Nadu ,IN ORCID logo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7029-7506
  • Venkataram Vellaipandi
     Department of Orthopaedics, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Pondicherry - 607402 ,IN
  • Gurumurthy Balasubramanian
     Department of Radio-diagnosis, JSS Medical College and Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru - 570015, Karnataka ,IN

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18311/ti/2023/v30i2/32418

Keywords:

Creatinine Monohydrate, β-Hydroxy β-Methyl Butyrate, Substance Abuse, Toxicity Study

Abstract

Substance abuse is a global concern, having a significant influence on society, healthcare, and the economy. Athletes are increasingly using substances to improve their performance or to cope with stress. Therefore, having a thorough awareness of the often misused substances, their effects, and potential toxicities is essential. One such chemical is the mixture of Creatinine Monohydrate (CM) and -Hydroxy Methyl Butyrate (HMB), which is widely used by athletes to increase strength and performance. According to studies, the combination can boost athletic performance, build muscle, and offer several health advantages. To determine the chemicals’ long-term impacts on human health, more research is required because their safety and toxicity are not well-established. Using TOPKAT(Computer-Aided Toxicity Prediction) and Discovery Studio Version 4.0, this study examined the toxicity and pharmacokinetic profiles of CM and HMB. The interaction of HMB and CM may significantly reduce cell viability compared to either drug alone. There were no negative effects seen in the animal models used for the acute oral toxicity study, but additional research is needed to confirm these results and determine the compounds’ long-term safety for human use. The study also performed cytotoxicity studies of individual substances and combinations on VERO and HEP-G2 cell lines and a 28-day repeated dose toxicity study in Wistar albino rats. The study results provide valuable information for healthcare professionals to understand the physiological complications of exposure to such drugs. Overall, the article emphasizes the importance of understanding the potential toxicity of chemical compounds, particularly those used as nutritional supplements.

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Published

2023-05-23

How to Cite

Balasubramanian, S., Giridharan, K., Kavya, K. D., Vellaipandi, V., & Balasubramanian, G. (2023). A 28-Day Repeated Dose Toxicity Evaluation of Creatinine Monohydrate and β-Hydroxy β-Methyl Butyrate Combination in Rodent Model. Toxicology International, 30(2), 193–206. https://doi.org/10.18311/ti/2023/v30i2/32418

Issue

Volume 30, Issue 2, April-June 2023

Section

Articles

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Copyright (c) 2023 Shivaramakrishnan Balasubramanian, Kavitha Giridharan, K. D. Kavya, Venkataram Vellaipandi, Gurumurthy Balasubramanian

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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Received 2023-01-14
Accepted 2023-04-17
Published 2023-05-23

 

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